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A New Instrumental Array in Sichuan, China, to Monitor Vibrations and Perturbations of the Lithosphere, Atmosphere, and Ionosphere

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Abstract

Scientists investigating the coupling between the lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere (LAI) require multiple instruments installed on and near the Earth’s surface and aboard satellites orbiting the Earth. However, challenges always occur owing to a lack of observation data from other monitoring instruments and/or the distance between distinct instruments. A novel system for monitoring vibrations and perturbations in the LAI (MVP–LAI) was established in the countryside of Leshan City, Sichuan Province, China, in June 2021. Twelve different types of instruments with 18 devices were set within an area of 50 m × 50 m. The other two were installed approximately 20 km away to avoid interference. These instruments routinely monitor the changes in at least 14 geophysical parameters with short sampling intervals, available for capturing waves propagating from the subsurface to the ionosphere. Once the observations retrieved from the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite and the radio occultation are integrated, the monitoring of vibrations and perturbations can reach ~ 800 km above the Earth’s surface. The system is mainly operated by the China University of Geoscience (Wuhan), China and will officially start functioning in September 2021. All the efforts benefit the investigation of the causal mechanisms of LAI coupling and expose the potential sources of vibrations and perturbations, incorporating observations from other spheres.

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Availability of Data and Materials

Daily data have been shown in the website: http://geostation.top. Data are available for directly contacting the first author, Chieh-Hung Chen, through the E-mail: nononochchen@gmail.com.

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Acknowledgements

We thank everyone who supported the establishment of the MVP-LAI system and appreciate the interest in the data retrieved from the MVP-LAI system.

Funding

This research was funded by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. U2039205), the National Key Research and Development Project (Grant no. 2018YFE0109700), the Sichuan earthquake Agency-Research Team of GNSS based on geodetic tectonophysics and mantle-crust dynamics in the Chuan-Dian region (Grant no. 201803), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 41804148, 41804154, 42174211, 11805166, 41774048), the Application Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (Grant no. 2019YJ0302), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (Grant no. 2018022) and Hefei University of Technology (Grant no. JZ2021HGPB0058). Meanwhile, this work was also supported by the Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering (CAPE) from the Featured Area Research Center program within the framework of Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China

    Chieh-Hung Chen, Yang-Yi Sun, Kai Lin & Chi-Chia Tang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Chieh-Hung Chen

  3. Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China

    Chen Zhou

  4. Sichuan Earthquake Bureau, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Rui Xu

  5. School of Electronics and Materials Engineering, Leshan Normal University, Sichuan, 614000, China

    Haiyin Qing

  6. School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China

    Yongxin Gao

  7. National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Tao Chen

  8. Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China

    Fei Wang

  9. China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing, 100045, China

    Huaizhong Yu

  10. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Peng Han

  11. Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China

    Xiaoning Su

  12. Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, 100036, China

    Xuemin Zhang

  13. Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China

    Linguo Yuan

  14. School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China

    Yixian Xu

  15. Department of Space Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320317, Taiwan

    Jann-Yenq Liu

  16. Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320317, Taiwan

    Jann-Yenq Liu

  17. Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320317, Taiwan

    Jann-Yenq Liu

  18. Wuhan Goldwell Information Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Shunkuan Yu

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  1. Chieh-Hung Chen
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  2. Yang-Yi Sun
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  3. Kai Lin
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  4. Chen Zhou
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  18. Shunkuan Yu
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Contributions

C.H.C contributed writing, methodology, formal analysis and revision; Y.Y.S. contributed writing, methodology, discussion and revision; K.L. data collection and discussion; C.Z. contributed data collection and discussion; R.X. contributed data collection and discussion; H.Q. contributed data collection and discussion; Y.G. contributed data collection and discussion; T.C. contributed data collection and discussion; F.W. contributed discussion; H.Y. contributed discussion; P.H. contributed discussion; C.C.T. data collection and discussion; X.S. contributed discussion; X.Z. contributed discussion; L.Y. contributed discussion; Y.X. contributed discussion; J.Y.L. contributed discussion; S.Y. contributed discussion;

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chieh-Hung Chen.

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Chen, CH., Sun, YY., Lin, K. et al. A New Instrumental Array in Sichuan, China, to Monitor Vibrations and Perturbations of the Lithosphere, Atmosphere, and Ionosphere. Surv Geophys 42, 1425–1442 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-021-09665-1

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