Abstract
We analyzed one Bunocephalus coracoideus population from the Negro River basin using cytogenetic techniques. The results showed a diploid number of 42 chromosomes in both sexes, with the karyotypic formula 4m + 14sm + 24a and fundamental number (FN) = 60 for females and the formula 5m + 14sm + 23a and FN = 61 for males, constituting an X1X1X2X2/X1Y1X2Y2 multiple sex chromosome system. The constitutive heterochromatin is distributed in the pericentromeric regions of most of the chromosomes, except for the sex chromosomes, of which the X1, X2, and Y1 chromosomes were euchromatic and the Y2 chromosome was partially heterochromatic. 18S rDNA mapping confirmed the presence of nucleolar organizer regions on the short arms of the fifth chromosomal pair for both sexes. The 5S rDNA is present in the terminal regions of the short arms on the 2nd, 10th, and 12th pairs and on the X2 chromosome of both sexes; however, we observed variations in the presence of these ribosomal cistrons on the Y1 chromosome, on which the cistrons are pericentromeric, and on the Y2 chromosome, on which these cistrons are present in the terminal portions of the short and long arms. Telomeric sequences are located in the terminal regions of all of the chromosomes, particularly conspicuous blocks on the 10th and 12th pairs and internal telomeric sequences in the centromeric regions of the 1st, 6th, and 9th pairs for both sexes. This work describes an new sex chromosomes system for the Siluriformes and increases our genetic knowledge of the Aspredinidae family.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Cristhiana Paula Röpke, PhD for identifying the sexes of the analyzed specimens. This study was supported by the Brazilian agencies Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva (INPA/GCBEv), Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisas do Estado do Amazonas (UNIVERSAL AMAZONAS/FAPEAM 030/2013; PRONEX FAPEAM/CNPq 003/2009), the Center for Studies of Adaptation to Environmental Changes in the Amazon (INCT ADAPTA, FAPEAM/CNPq 573976/2008-2), and Edital MCT/CNPq/MEC/CAPES/FNDCT–Ação Transversal/FAPs No. 47/2010 (Rede BioPHAM).
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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. This work was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Use of the National Institute of Amazon Research and is registered there under the protocol number 010/2015. This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.
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Ferreira, M., Garcia, C., Matoso, D.A. et al. A new multiple sex chromosome system X1X1X2X2/X1Y1X2Y2 in Siluriformes: cytogenetic characterization of Bunocephalus coracoideus (Aspredinidae). Genetica 144, 591–599 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-016-9927-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-016-9927-9