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Broad-scale genetic patterns of New Zealand abalone, Haliotis iris, across a distribution spanning 13° latitude and major oceanic water masses

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Abstract

The New Zealand black-foot abalone, Haliotis iris, or pāua, is endemic to the rocky reefs surrounding New Zealand, whose main land mass spans 13° of latitude and separates the Tasman Sea from the Pacific Ocean. In this study, we examined the population genetic structure of this important commercial, cultural and recreational species by genotyping nine microsatellite loci in 485 pāua from 27 locations distributed across mainland New Zealand and the Chatham Islands. We found low, but significant, levels of genetic differentiation. Key genetic breaks were identified among the Chatham Islands and mainland samples; patterns that are strongly corroborated by prior work employing mtDNA sequences. AMOVAs indicated that samples from the south of the North Island were more similar to the South Island samples than to other North Island samples, however multivariate analysis and Bayesian clustering could not identify a significant pattern. Differentiation between the Chatham Islands and the mainland is most likely due to isolation by distance, while differentiation of North Island samples corresponds with major components of New Zealand’s oceanography, Cook Strait and the East Cape. Despite intense fishing pressure, we detected no signature of genetic bottlenecks in any region suggesting that population sizes have remained relatively stable over recent time or that the census size of this species is much larger than its effective population size.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded through the New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries Tender GEN2007/A. We would like to thank Jane Symonds at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) for contributing unpublished microsatellite primer sequences which were developed for NIWA’s Foundation for Research Science and Technology Project C01X0705 “Increased aquaculture production through advanced broodstock development”. We also thank Rosemary Rickman and the team at GenomNZ for contributing technical support and advice.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Centre for Reproduction and Genomics and Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand

    Margaret Will, Tom McCowan & Neil J. Gemmell

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  1. Margaret Will
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  2. Tom McCowan
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  3. Neil J. Gemmell
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Correspondence to Margaret Will.

Additional information

Genotype data available from the Dryad Digital Repository: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.575p1.

mtCOI sequences: GenBank accessions JF441275–JF441316.

mtATPase8–ATPase6 sequences: GenBank accessions JF441317–JF441424.

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Will, M., McCowan, T. & Gemmell, N.J. Broad-scale genetic patterns of New Zealand abalone, Haliotis iris, across a distribution spanning 13° latitude and major oceanic water masses. Genetica 143, 487–500 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-015-9847-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-015-9847-0

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