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Evolutionary dynamics of heterochromatin in the genome of Dichotomius beetles based on chromosomal analysis

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Abstract

We comparatively analyzed six Dichotomius species (Coleoptera: Scarabainae) through cytogenetic methods and mitochondrial genes sequencing in the aim to identify patterns of chromosomal evolution and heterochromatin differentiation in the group. The chromosomal data were accessed through the classical analysis of heterochromatin and mapping of high and moderately repeated DNAs (C 0 t-1 DNA fraction). Mitochondrial data were obtained from nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S rRNA genes. The heterochromatin distribution was conserved but revealed variability in the base pair richness and repetitive DNA content, and an intense turnover of heterochromatic associated sequences seems to have occurred during Dichotomius speciation. Specifically for D. bos, an interesting pattern was observed, indicating apparently the presence of heterochromatic sequences composed of low copy-number sequences. Moreover, highly conserved terminal/sub-terminal sequences that could act as a telomeric or telomere-associated DNA were observed. The heterochromatin diversification patterns observed in Dichotomius were not accomplished by the diversification of the species studied, which may be a consequence of the intense dynamics that drive the evolution of repeated DNA clusters in the genome. Finally our findings also suggest that the use of C 0 t-1 DNA fraction represents a powerful, inexpensive and not time consuming tool to be applied in understanding heterochromatin and repetitive DNA organization.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação de Amparo a Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE). The authors are grateful to Fernando Augusto Barbosa Silva for the taxonomic identification of the specimens analyzed in this study and to PIBIC/CNPq/UPE scholarship of Melo AS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Morfologia, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências/IB, CEP 18618-000, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

    Diogo Cavalcanti Cabral-de-Mello & Cesar Martins

  2. Departamento de Biologia, UPE—Univ de Pernambuco, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/ICB, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Rita de Cássia de Moura & Adriana de Souza Melo

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  1. Diogo Cavalcanti Cabral-de-Mello
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  2. Rita de Cássia de Moura
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  3. Adriana de Souza Melo
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  4. Cesar Martins
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Correspondence to Diogo Cavalcanti Cabral-de-Mello.

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Cabral-de-Mello, D.C., de Moura, R.C., de Souza Melo, A. et al. Evolutionary dynamics of heterochromatin in the genome of Dichotomius beetles based on chromosomal analysis. Genetica 139, 315–325 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-011-9551-7

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