Abstract
The cartography of danger has recently expanded to turn several hotspots worldwide. This proves true when it comes to the Middle East where military interventions escalate and internal conflicts leverage. Implicating on the folkloric perception of the real geostrategic threats, this paper uses linguistic cues to explore the conceptualization of geopolitical concerns in a large-scale corpus of Egyptian tweets (2012–2017). Results reveal that the Conspiratorial Ideation is widely enabled and ushered to relieve the increasing anxiety ad hoc the rapidly changing political scene in Egypt and the pan-region. There, America, Israel, Iran and Cyprus are defined as the outsider plotters where the reigning regimes are accused of conspiring against the Egyptians. The threatened Egyptian geostrategic territories are claimed to be Sinai, Tiran strait, Halayeb triangle and Mediterranean gas fields. The suggested plotting scenarios are bootstrapped and discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Although the literal translation of the original Arabic text is “deal of the century”, the word “deal” is rendered as “sale” to draw upon the rhetoric device observed in the two source texts {safka /sˤʌfqә/and saf’a /sˤʌfʔə/}.
The Saudi argument of possessing the two islands draws on their semantic meanings. Tiran is said to etymologically mean “sea waves". in Tabuk’s dialect while Sanafir designate things of unknown origin. This was further interpreted in terms of failure to affiliate the inhabitants of Sanafir to known Hijazi tribes.
References
Abdelzaher, E. M. (2017). Compiling a cognition-based thematic monolingual lexicon. Cognitive Linguistic Studies, 4(2), 361–377. https://doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00007.abd.
Arafat, A. A., Salama, M. H. M., El-Sayed, S. A., & Elfeel, A. A. (2016). Distribution of natural radionuclides and assessment of the associated hazards in the environment of Marsa Alam-Shalateen area, Red Sea coast, Egypt. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 10(3), 219–232.
Bittner, C. (2017). OpenStreetMap in Israel and Palestine—‘Game changer’ or reproducer of contested cartographies? Political Geography, 57, 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2016.11.010.
Boschee, P. (2016). Egypt strives to bolster economy with foreign investment, imports. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 68(09), 42–45.
Chung, C. K., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2011). Using computerized text analysis to assess threatening communications and behavior. In Threatening communications and behavior: Perspectives on the pursuit of public figures (pp. 3–32). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/13091.
Crawford, K., & Finn, M. (2015). The limits of crisis data: Analytical and ethical challenges of using social and mobile data to understand disasters. GeoJournal, 80(4), 491–502.
Essam, B. A. (2014). Translation and analysis of diasporic colloquial egyptian poems of patriotism: A hermeneutic study. Higher Education of Social Science, 7(2), 139–148.
Essam, B. A. (2015). Melopoetics of the contemporary “National Anthem” of Egypt and its translations: A case study. Higher Education of Social Science, 8(1), 1–11.
Essam, B. A. (2017). Compiling a lexicon of pornography using web, WordNet and FrameNet to develop an individual pornographic index. Sexuality and Culture, 21(2), 534–548.
Fillmore, C. J., Johnson, C. R., & Petruck, M. R. (2003). Background to framenet. International Journal of Lexicography, 16(3), 235–250.
Goldberg, M., & Beyth, M. (1991). Tiran Island: An internal block at the junction of the Red Sea rift and Dead Sea transform. Tectonophysics, 198(2–4), 261–273.
Gray, M. (2008). Explaining conspiracy theories in modern Arab Middle Eastern political discourse: Some problems and limitations of the literature. Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies, 17(2), 155–174.
Gray, M. (2010). Conspiracy theories in the Arab world: Sources and politics. London: Routledge.
Haklay, M., & Weber, P. (2008). Openstreetmap: User-generated street maps. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 7(4), 12–18.
Jensen, M. L., Bessarabova, E., Adame, B., Burgoon, J. K., & Slowik, S. M. (2011). Deceptive language by innocent and guilty criminal suspects: The influence of dominance, question, and guilt on interview responses. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 30(4), 357–375.
Jones, L. (2010). ‘How do the American people know…?’: Embodying post-9/11 conspiracy discourse. GeoJournal, 75(4), 359–371.
Kemp, A., & Ben-Eliezer, U. (2000). Dramatizing sovereignty: The construction of territorial dispute in the Israeli–Egyptian border at Taba. Political Geography, 19(3), 315–344.
Kilgarriff, A., Baisa, V., Bušta, J., Jakubíček, M., Kovář, V., Michelfeit, J., et al. (2014). The Sketch Engine: Ten years on. Lexicography, 1(1), 7–36.
Magen, C., & Lapid, E. (2017). Israel’s military public diplomacy evolution: Historical and conceptual dimensions. Public Relations Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.11.003
Mustafa, E. (2015). Semantic framing of nationalism in the national anthems of Egypt and England: A cognitive study. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 4(4), 62–76. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.4p.62.
Paszto, V., Darena, F., Marek, L., & Fuskova, D. (2014). Spatial analyses of Twitter data–Case studies. In 14th SGEM geoconference on informatics, geoinformatics and remote sensing, SGEM2014 Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1. June 19–25, 2014, pp. 785–792. ISBN 978-619-7105-10-0/ISSN 1314-2704.
Pennebaker, J. W., & King, L. A. (1999). Linguistic styles: Language use as an individual difference. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1296.
Ruble, I. (2017). European Union energy supply security: The benefits of natural gas imports from the Eastern Mediterranean. Energy Policy, 105, 341–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.03.010.
Ruppenhofer, J., Ellsworth, M., Petruck, M. R., Johnson, C. R., & Scheffczyk, J. (2016). FrameNet II: Extended theory and practice. Retrieved from: https://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu/fndrupal/the_book.
Shibasaki, R., Azuma, T., Yoshida, T., Teranishi, H., & Abe, M. (2017). Global route choice and its modelling of dry bulk carriers based on vessel movement database: Focusing on the Suez Canal. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 25, 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2017.08.003.
Siapera, E., Hunt, G., & Lynn, T. (2015). # GazaUnderAttack: Twitter, Palestine and diffused war. Information, Communication & Society, 18(11), 1297–1319.
Siddig, K., Grethe, H., & Abdelwahab, N. (2016). The natural gas sector in post-revolution Egypt. Journal of Policy Modeling, 38(5), 941–953.
Sims, D. (2010). Understanding Cairo: The logic of a city out of control. Cairo, New York: The American University in Cairo Press.
Swami, V., Voracek, M., Stieger, S., Tran, U. S., & Furnham, A. (2014). Analytic thinking reduces belief in conspiracy theories. Cognition, 133(3), 572–585.
Tausczik, Y. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2010). The psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(1), 24–54.
Tumasjan, A., Sprenger, T. O., Sandner, P. G., & Welpe, I. M. (2010). Predicting elections with twitter: What 140 characters reveal about political sentiment. Icwsm, 10(1), 178–185.
Wood, M. J., Douglas, K. M., & Sutton, R. M. (2012). Dead and alive: Beliefs in contradictory conspiracy theories. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(6), 767–773.
Funding
This research did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author of this paper certifies that he has no potential conflicts of interest to be declared.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Essam, B.A., Aref, M.M. & Fouad, F. When folkloric geopolitical concerns prompt a conspiratorial ideation: the case of Egyptian tweeters. GeoJournal 84, 121–133 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-018-9854-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-018-9854-7