Abstract
Extensive laboratory grouting tests were conducted using ultrafine cement suspensions to evaluate the validity and reliability of groutability prediction formulas proposed by several researchers for the cement based grouts of soils. Initially, such basic rheological properties as setting time, viscosity and stability of ultrafine cement suspensions with or without dispersive agent were studied. Next, the penetration performance of suspensions into various graded medium to fine sand specimens prepared at different relative densities was investigated. Finally, the grouting test results were compared with those obtained from groutability prediction formulas and it was found out that the proposed prediction formulas could not be used as a sole and exclusive criterion to predict the groutability of soils.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akbulut S, Sağlamer A (2002) Estimating the groutability of granular soils: a new approach. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 17:371–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(02)00040-8
ASTM C191-04 (2004) Standard test method for time of setting of hydraulic cement by vicat needle. ASTM International, West Conshohocken
ASTM C940-98A (1998) Standard test method for expansion and bleeding of freshly mixed grouts for preplaced-aggregate concrete in the laboratory. ASTM International, West Conshohocken
ASTM D2196-15 (2015) Standard test methods for rheological properties of non-newtonian materials by rotational viscometer. ASTM International, West Conshohocken
ASTM D4222-63 (2007) Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken
ASTM D4253-00 (2000) Standard test method for maximum index density and unit weight of soils using a vibratory table. ASTM International, West Conshohocken
ASTM D4254-00 (2000) Standards test methods for minimum index density and unit weight of soils and calculation of relative density. ASTM International, West Conshohocken
Axelsson M, Gustafson G, Fransson A (2009) Stop mechanism for cementitious grouts at different water-to-cement ratio. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 24:49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2008.11.001
Azadi MR, Taghichian A, Taheri A (2017) Optimization of cement-based grouts using chemical additives. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 4:623–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.11.013
Burwell EB (1985) Cement and clay grouting of foundations: practice of the corps of engineering. J Soil Mech Found Div 84:1551/1–1551/22
El Mohtar CS, Ritika JY, Jaffal SH (2017) Transferring innovative research into practical wisdom: the case of permeation grouting. Innov Infrastruct Solut 2:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-017-0093-4
Gamil Y, Bakar I, Ahmed K (2017) Simulation and development of instrumental setup to be used for cement grouting of sand soil. Emerg Sci J 1:16–27. https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2017-01112
Hashimoto K, Nishihara S, Oji S, Kanazawa T, Nishie S, Seko I, Hyodo T, Tsukamoto Y (2016) Field testing of permeation grouting using microfine cement. Gr Improv 169:134–142
Huang CL, Fan JC, Yang WJ (2007) A study of applying microfine cement grout to sandy silt soil. Sino Geotech 111:71–82
Huang CL, Fan JC, Liao KW, Lien TH (2013) A methodology to build a groutability formula via a heuristic algorithm. KSCE J Civ Eng 17:106–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-1847-y
Ivanova I, Nefedov S, Pustovgar A, Adamtsevich A, Aleksey E (2016) Comparison of laboratory methods for the design of injection grouts based on microfine cements. Procedia Eng 165:1536–1541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.890
Krizek RJ, Liao HJ, Borden RH (1992) Mechanical properties of microfine cement/sodium silicate grouted sand. ASCE Spec Techn Publ Grouting 1:688–699
Markou IN, Droudakis AI (2013) Shear strength of microfine cement grouted sands. Gr Improv 166:177–186. https://doi.org/10.1680/grim.12.00016
Markou IN, Christodoulou DN, Papadopoulos BK (2015) Penetrability of microfine cement grouts: experimental investigation and fuzzy regression modeling. Can Geotech J 52:868–882. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0297
Mitchell JK (1981) Soil improvement state of the art report. In: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, Publications Committee of X. ICSMFE, Stockholm, pp 509–565
Mozumder RA, Laskar AI, Hussain M (2018) Penetrability prediction of microfine cement grout in granular soil using Artificial Intelligence techniques. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 72:131–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.11.023
Raman KV, Dayakar P, Raju KVB (2015) Study on permeation grouting with cement and chebulic myrobalan grout in sandy soils. Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Technol 4:4448–4456. https://doi.org/10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0406054
Warner J (2004) Practical handbook of grouting. Wiley, New Jersey
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mollamahmutoğlu, M., Avci, E. Evaluation of the Validity of Groutability Prediction Formulas by Means of Superfine Cement Grouts. Geotech Geol Eng 37, 3925–3936 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-00882-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-00882-5