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An Experimental and Numerical Investigation into the Compressibility and Settlement of Sand Mixed with TDA

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Abstract

A series of large scale oedometer experiments were carried out to investigate the settlement of sand reinforced with tire derived aggregates (TDA). The parameters studied were five different amounts of TDAs, three aspect ratios and relative skeletal densities, and seven overburden pressures. The volume compressibility coefficient was calculated against different input parameters, and the constraint condition used enabled Poisson’s ratio to be calculated from an “at-rest” coefficient of earth pressure. The triaxial modulus was calculated indirectly and then adopted in subsequent numerical analyses. Finite element analysis and Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate the settlement of this mixture and to study how the different parameters affected the settlement mixtures of sand and TDAs. The experimental and numerical results reveal that the amount of TDAs is the major parameter which affects settlement, although the overburden pressure and relative skeletal density are also important. The aspect ratio of the shred has almost no effect on volume compressibility parameters as long as constraint compression condition governs. Two index parameters were defined to discuss the type of shred distribution and how it affects settlement of the mixture.

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Abbreviations

A R :

TDA aspect ratio

B :

Foundation width

C u :

Coefficient of uniformity

C c :

Coefficient of curvature

COV :

Coefficient of variation

COV UC :

Coefficient of variation of the uniformity coefficient

COV δ :

Coefficient of variation of the settlement of footing embedded on soil mixed with TDAs

DC :

Distance coefficient

DLE :

Distance from the loading center to each element’s centroid

DLTE :

Distance from the loading center to each TDA element’s centroid

D r :

Relative skeletal density

\( E^{\prime} \) :

Drained 3-D elasticity modulus

\( E^{\prime}_{Oed} \) :

Drained constraint modulus

H :

Height of model

\( K_{0} \) :

“At-rest” coefficient of lateral earth pressure

L :

Width of model

m v :

Volume compressibility coefficient

m logδ :

Mean of log-settlement

m δ :

Mean settlement of shallow foundation

m vs :

Volume compressibility coefficient of the plain model

NTDAE :

Number of TDA elements

P :

Fixed load on foundation

PDF :

Probability density function

\( Rm_{v} \) :

Relative compressibility

RMS :

Relative mean settlement

TNOE :

Total number of elements

UC :

Uniformity coefficient

UC mea :

Mean uniformity coefficient

\( \upsilon^{\prime} \) :

Posisson’s ratio

σ logδ :

Standard deviation of log-settlement

δ det :

Deterministic settlement of shallow foundation for the plain or unreinforced model

\( \chi \) :

TDA content in volumetric basis

\( \bar{\chi } \) :

Overall mean TDA content

\( \chi_{i} \) :

TDA content in element i

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Guilan, Iran

    Reza Jamshidi Chenari, Mohammad Ali Akhavan Maroufi & Reza Alaie

  2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, PO Box 123, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia

    Behzad Fatahi

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  1. Reza Jamshidi Chenari
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  2. Behzad Fatahi
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  3. Mohammad Ali Akhavan Maroufi
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  4. Reza Alaie
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Correspondence to Behzad Fatahi.

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Jamshidi Chenari, R., Fatahi, B., Akhavan Maroufi, M.A. et al. An Experimental and Numerical Investigation into the Compressibility and Settlement of Sand Mixed with TDA. Geotech Geol Eng 35, 2401–2420 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0255-3

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