Abstract
To simulate brittle rocks, a mixture of glastone, sand and water was used as a model material. Thin galvanized sheets of thickness 0.254 mm were used to create joints in blocks made out of the model material. To investigate the failure modes and strength, both the intact material blocks as well as jointed model material blocks of size 35.6 × 17.8 × 2.5 cm having different joint geometry configurations were subjected to uniaxial and biaxial compressive loadings. A new intact rock failure criterion is proposed at the 3-D level. This criterion is validated for biaxial loading through laboratory experimental results obtained on intact model material blocks. Results obtained from both the intact and jointed model material blocks are used to develop a strongly non-linear new rock mass failure criterion for biaxial loading. In this failure criterion, the fracture tensor component is used to incorporate the directional effect of fracture geometry system on jointed block strength. The failure criterion shows the important role, the intermediate principal stress plays on rock mass strength.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
N. R. Barton R. Lien J. Lunde (1974) ArticleTitleEngineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support Rock Mechanics Rock Engineering 10 IssueID1–2 1–54
Bieniawski, Z. T. (1976) Rock mass classification in rock engineering. In Exploration for Rock Engineering, Proc. of the Symp. (ed. Z.T. Bieniawski), Cape Town, Balkemia, 1, pp. 97–106.
Z. T. Bieniawski (1989) Engineering Rock Mass Classifications Wiley New York
Z. T. Bieniawski W.L. Heerden ParticleVan (1975) ArticleTitleThe significance of in situ tests on large rock specimens International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 12 101–103 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0148-9062(75)90004-2
E. T. Brown (1970) ArticleTitleStrength of models of rock with intermittent joints Journal of Soil Mechanics Found. Div. ASCE 96 1935–1949
E. T. Brown (1974) ArticleTitleFracture of rock under uniform biaxial compression, Advances in Rock Mechanics Proc. of the 3rd Congress, International Society for Rock Mechanics, Denver 2A 111–117
P. A. Cundall (1988) ArticleTitleFormulation of a three-dimensional distinct element model – part 1. A scheme to detect and represent contacts in a system composed of many polyhedral blocks International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 25 107–116 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0148-9062(88)92293-0
D. Drucker W. Prager (1952) ArticleTitleSoil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design Quarterly of Applied Mathematics 10 157–165
H. H. Einstein R.C. Hirschfeld (1973) ArticleTitleModel studies on mechanics of jointed rock Journal of Soil Mechanics Found. Div. ASCE 99 229–248
R. E. Goodman R.L. Taylor T.L. Brekke (1968) ArticleTitleA model for the mechanics of jointed rock Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers 94 637–659
F. E. Heuze (1980) ArticleTitleScale effects in the determination of rock mass strength and deformability Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 12 167–192
E. Hoek E. T. Brown (1980) ArticleTitleEmpirical strength criterion for rock masses Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division: ASCE 106 1013–1035
E. Hoek E. T. Brown (1997) ArticleTitlePractical estimates of rock mass strength International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 34 1165–1186 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0148-9062(97)00305-7
P. H. S. W. Kulatilake (1985) ArticleTitleEstimating elastic constants and strength of discontinuous rock Journal of Geotechnical Engineering: ASCE 111 847–864
P. H. S. W. Kulatilake (1998) Software manual for FRACNTWK – A computer package to model discontinuity geometry in rock masses University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona
P. H. S. W. Kulatilake S. Wang O. Stephansson (1993a) ArticleTitleEffect of finite size joints on the deformability of jointed rock in three dimensions International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 30 479–501 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0148-9062(93)92216-D
P. H. S. W. Kulatilake D. N. Wathugala O. Stephansson (1993b) ArticleTitleJoint network modelling with a validation exercise in Stripa mine Sweden International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 30 502–526
P. H. S. W. Kulatilake H. Ucpirti O. Stephansson (1994) ArticleTitleEffect of finite size joints on the deformability of jointed rock at the two dimensional level Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31 364–374 Occurrence Handle10.1139/t94-044
P. H. S. W. Kulatilake W. He J. Um H. Wang (1997) ArticleTitleA physical model study of jointed rock mass strength under uniaxial compressive loading International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 34 692–693 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0148-9062(97)00203-9
P. H. S. W. Kulatilake J. Liang H. Gao (2001) ArticleTitleExperimental and numerical simulations of jointed rock block strength under uniaxial loading ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics 127 1240–1247 Occurrence Handle10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2001)127:12(1240)
H. Kupfer H. K. Hilsdorf H. Rusch (1969) ArticleTitleBehavior of concrete under biaxial Stresses Journal of American Concrete Institute 66 656–666
Ladanyi, B. and Archambault, G. (1980) Direct and indirect determination of shear strength of a jointed rock mass, Report No. 80–25, Society of Mining Engineers of AIME for presentation at the AIME Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, 1980. Feb. 24–28.
T. C. Y. Liu A. H. Nilson F. O. Slate (1972) ArticleTitleStress–strain response of fracture of concrete in uniaxial and biaxial compression Journal of the American Concrete Institute 69 291–295
K. Mogi (1967) ArticleTitleEffect of intermediate principal stress on rock failure Journal of Geophysical Research 72 5117–5131 Occurrence Handle10.1029/JZ072i020p05117
K. Mogi (1971) ArticleTitleFracture and flow of rocks under high triaxial compression Journal of Geophysical Research 76 1255–1269
M. A. Taylor A. K. Jain M. R. Ramey (1972) ArticleTitlePath dependent biaxial compression testing of an all-lightweight aggregate concrete Journal of the American Concrete Institute 69 758–764
M. Oda (1982) ArticleTitleFabric tensor for discontinuous geological materials Soils and Foundations 22 36–108
G. Wiebols N. Cook (1968) ArticleTitleAn energy criterion for the strength of rock in polyaxial compression International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 5 529–549 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0148-9062(68)90040-5
S. Zhou (1994) ArticleTitleA program to model the initial shape and extent of borehole breakout Computational Geosciences 20 1143–1160 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0098-3004(94)90068-X
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kulatilake, P.H.S.W., Park, J. & Malama, B. A new rock mass failure criterion for biaxial loading conditions. Geotech Geol Eng 24, 871–888 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-005-7465-9
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-005-7465-9