Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Literature survey of network optimization in container liner shipping

  • Published:
Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Container liner shipping is one of the most important transportation modes in international trade. The industry is network-based, so network decision contributes much to the success of any operators. There are many decisions in respect of network optimization such as route and schedule design, port selection, fleet size and mix, fleet assignment and scheduling, container movement. Our paper conducts a literature survey to realize optimization problems, methodologies as well as research tendencies to deal with network optimization in container liner shipping. We focus on three major categories: container routing, fleet management and network design. Container routing is related to optimal flow movement of laden and empty containers. Fleet management is involved with decisions of ship assignment and scheduling. Network design is the problem of choosing ports and combining them to create the infrastructure of shipping operation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agarwal R, Ergun O (2008) Ship scheduling and network design for cargo routing in liner shipping. Transp Sci 42(2):175–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal R, Ergun O (2010) Network design and allocation mechanisms for carrier alliances in liner shipping. Oper Res 58(6):1726–1742

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez JF (2009) Joint routing and deployment of a fleet of container vessels. Marit Econ Logist 11:186–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Aversa R, Botter RC, Haralambides HE, Yoshizaki HTY (2005) A mixed integer programming model on the location of a hub port in the East Coast of South America. Marit Econ Logist 7:1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Baird AJ (2001) A new economic evaluation of the Hubport versus multiport strategy. In: Proceedings of IAME conference. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong

  • Baird AJ (2002a) The economics of transhipment. In: Grammenos C (ed) The handbook of Maritime Economics and Business. Lloyd of London, London, pp 832–859

    Google Scholar 

  • Baird AJ (2002b) The economics of transhipment in northern Europe. Int J Marit Econ 4:249–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Baird AJ (2006) Optimising the container transhipment hub location in northern Europe. J Transp Geogr 14(3):195–214

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Bell MGH, Liu X, Angeloudis P, Fonzone A, Hosseinloo SH (2011) A frequency-based maritime container assignment model. Transp Res Part B 45(8):1152–1161

    Google Scholar 

  • Bendall HB, Stent AF (2001) A scheduling model for a high speed containership service: a hub and spoke short-sea application. Int J Marit Econ 3:262–277

    Google Scholar 

  • Boffey TB, Edmond ED, Hinxman AI, Pursglove CJ (1979) Two approaches to scheduling container ships with an application to the north Atlantic route. J Oper Res Soc 30(5):413–425

    Google Scholar 

  • Brouer BD, Delsaulniers G (2012) A matheuristic for the liner shipping network design problem. In: Proceedings of LOGMS conference. Bremen, Germany

  • Brouer BD, Dirksen J, Pisinger D, Plum CEM, Vaaben B (2012) The vessel schedule recovery problem (VRSP)—a MIP model for handling disruptions in liner shipping. Eur J Oper Res 224(2):362–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Brouer BD, Alvarez JF, Plum CEM, Pisinger D, Sigurd MM (2013) A base integer programming model and benchmark suite for liner shipping network design. Transp Sci (forthcoming)

  • Cariou P (2002) Strategic alliances in liner shipping: an analysis of “operational synergies”. In: Proceedings of IAME conference. Panama

  • Cariou P, Cheaitou A (2012) Cascading effect, network configuration and optimal transshipment volumes. In: Proceedings of IAME conference. Taipei, Taiwan

  • Cariou P, Haralambides HE (1999) Capacity pools in the liner market: an allocation model for the East-West trades. In: Proceedings of IAME conference. Halifax, Canada

  • Chao SL, Yu HC (2012) Repositioning empty containers in East and North China ports. Marit Econ Logist 14:435–454

    Google Scholar 

  • Chao C, Zeng Q (2010) Designing container shipping network under changing demand and freight rates. Transport 25(1):46–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheaitou A, Cariou P (2012) Liner shipping service optimisation with reefer containers capacity: an application to northern Europe–South America trade. Marit Policy Manage 39(6):589–602

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen ZL, Lei L, Zhong H (2007) Container vessel scheduling with bi-directional flows. Op Res Lett 35:186–194

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Cheung RK, Chen CY (1998) A two-stage stochastic network model and solution methods for the dynamic empty container allocation problem. Transp Sci 32(2):142–162

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Cho SC, Perakis AN (1996) Optimal liner fleet routing strategies. Marit Policy Manage 23(3):249–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Chou CC (2008) A model for shipping companies to choose the seaport with lower transshipment cost. IE(I) J MR 88:3–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen M, Fagerholt K, Ronen D (2004) Ship routing and scheduling: status and perspectives. Transp Sci 38(1):1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen M, Fagerholt K, Nygreen B, Ronen D (2007) Maritime transportation. In: Barnhart C, Laporte G (eds) Invited chapter to handbooks in operations research and management science, vol 14: transportation, pp 189–284

  • Christiansen M, Fagerholt K, Nygreen B, Ronen D (2013) Ship routing and scheduling in the new millennium. Eur J Oper Res 228:467–483

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Chu WC, Kuo TC, Shieh JC (2003) A mixed integer programming model for routing containerships. J Mar Sci Technol 11(2):96–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Chuang TN, Lin CT, Kung JY, Lin MD (2010) Planning the route of container ships: a fuzzy genetic approach. Expert Syst Appl 37:2948–2956

    Google Scholar 

  • Claessens EM (1987) Optimization procedures in maritime fleet management. Marit Policy Manage 14(1):27–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson (1995, 1999, 2010, 2012) The containership register. Clarkson Research Services Ltd, London

  • Containerisation International—CI (1991, 2001, 2012) Containerisation international yearbook. Informa, London

  • Cullinane K, Khanna M (1998) Economies of scale in large container ships. J Transp Econ Policy 33:185

    Google Scholar 

  • Dong JX, Song DP (2007) Impacts of different types of maritime routes in container fleet management on development of optimisation model: case study based on cyclic route. In: Proceedings of IAME conference. Athen, Greece

  • Drewry (2011a) Container market—annual review and forecast. Drewry Shipping Consultants, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Drewry (2011b) Global container terminal operators. Drewry Shipping Consultants, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagerholt K (1999) Optimal fleet design in a ship routing problem. Intl Trans Op Res 6:453–464

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagerholt K (2004) Designing optimal routes in a liner shipping problem. Marit Policy Manage 31(4):259–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng CM, Chang CH (2008a) Empty container reposition planning for intra-Asia liner shipping. Marit Policy Manage 35(5):469–489

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng CM, Chang CH (2008b) Optimal slot allocation in intra-asia service for liner shipping companies. Marit Econ Logist 10:295–309

    Google Scholar 

  • Francesco MD, Crainic TG, Zuddas P (2009) The effect of multi-scenario policies on empty container repositioning. Transp Res Part E 45:758–770

    Google Scholar 

  • Francesco MD, Lai M, Zuddas P (2013) Maritime repositioning of empty containers under uncertain port disruptions. Comput Ind Eng 64:827–837

    Google Scholar 

  • Francesetty DC, Foschi AD (2002) The impact of hub and spoke networks in the Mediterranean perculiarity. In: Proceedings of IAME conference. Panama

  • Frankel EG (2004) The future of containerization. In: Proceedings of IAME conference. Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey

  • Gelareh S, Meng Q (2010) A novel modeling approach for the fleet deployment problem within a short-term planning horizon. Transp Res Part E 46:76–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelareh S, Pisinger D (2011) Fleet deployment, network design and hub location of liner shipping companies. Transp Res Part E 47:947–964

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelareh S, Nickel S, Pisinger D (2010) Liner shipping hub network design in a competitive environment. Transp Res Part E 46:991–1004

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelareh S, Maculan N, Mahey P, Monemi RN (2013) Hub-and-spoke network design and fleet deployment for string planning of liner shipping. Appl Math Model 37:3307–3321

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Gilman S, William GS (1976) The economics of multi-port itineraries for large container ships. J Transp Econ Policy 10(2):137–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay LL, Peng CE, Yin L, Yi L, Jijun S (2010) In dynamic approach to empty container flow management. In: Proceedings of IAME conference. Lisbon, Portugal

  • Hsieh SH, Wong HL (2004) The marine single assignment nonstrict Hub location problem: formulations and experimental examples. J Mar Sci Technol 12(4):343–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu CI, Hsieh YP (2005) Direct versus hub-and-spoke routing on a maritime container network. J Mar Sci Technol 13:209–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu CI, Hsieh YP (2007) Routing, ship size, and sailing frequency decision-making for a maritime hub-and-spoke container network. Math Comput Model 45:899–916

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Hvattum LM, Norstad I, Fagerholt K, Laporte G (2013) Analysis of an exact algorithm for the vessel speed optimization problem. Networks (forthcoming)

  • Imai A, Liu M (2004) A model and solution algorithm for optimal routing problem in competitive circumstances. In: Proceedings of IAME conference. Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey

  • Imai A, Papadimitriou S (1997) A containerized liner routing in Eastern Asia. Infrastruct Plan Rev 14:843–850

    Google Scholar 

  • Imai A, Nishimura E, Papadimitriou S, Liu M (2006) The economic viability of container mega ships. Transp Res Part E 42:21–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Imai A, Shintani K, Papadimitriou S (2009) Multi-port vs. Hub-and-Spoke port calls by containerships. Transp Res Part E 45:740–757

    Google Scholar 

  • ISL (2011) Shipping statistics and market review. ISL, Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaramillo DI, Perakis AN (1991) Fleet deployment optimization for liner shipping. Part 2. Implementation and results. Marit Policy Manage 18(4):235–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Jepsen MK, Lofstedt B, Plum CEM, Pisinger D, Sigurd MM (2010) A path based model for a green liner shipping network design problem. In: Proceedings of the international multiconference of engineers and computer scientists. Hong Kong

  • Johnson E (2011) The big rebound. American Shipper, July 2011, 28–36

  • Karlaftis MG, Kepaptsoglou K, Sambracos E (2009) Containership routing with time deadlines and simultaneous deliveries and pick-ups. Transp Res Part E 45:210–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazily JA (1982) Modeling containerized shipping for developing countries. Transp Res Part A I6A(4):271–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim HJ, Kim KT, Park DS, Kim HJ, Chang YT (2010) A solution algorithm for green fuel management of a ship. In: Proceedings of LOGMS conference. Busan, Korea

  • Kjeldsen KH (2011) Classification of ship routing and scheduling problems in liner shipping. INFOR 49(2):139–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuroda K, Takebayashi M, Tsuji T (2005) International container transportation network analysis considering post-panamax class container ships. Res Transp Econ 13:369–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Lam SW, Lee LH, Tang LC (2007) An approximate dynamic programming approach for the empty container allocation problem. Transp Res Part C 15:265–277

    Google Scholar 

  • Lane DE, Heaver TD, Uyenno D (1987) Planning and scheduling for efficiency in liner shipping. Marit Policy Manage 14(2):109–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee HL, Chew EK, Lee LS (2006) Multicommodity network flow model for Asia’s container ports. Marit Policy Manage 33(4):387–402

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu M (2007) Selecting economically feasible container services with the new trend of employing mega containerships. In: Proceedings of IAME conference. Athen, Greece

  • Liu XX, Ye HQ, Yuan XM (2011) Tactical planning models for managing container flow and ship deployment. Marit Policy Manage 38(5):487–508

    Google Scholar 

  • Lofstedt B, Pisinger D, Spoorendonk S (2011) Liner shipping cargo allocation with repositioning of empty containers. INFOR 49(2/5):109–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu HA, Chu CW, Che PY (2010a) Seasonal slot allocation planning for a container liner shipping service. J Mar Sci Technol 18(1):84–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu HA, Chu CW, Che PY (2010b) Slot allocation planning for an alliance service with ship fleet sharing. Asia Pac Manage Rev 15(3):325–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsukura H, Udommahuntisuk M, Yamato H, Dinariyana AAB (2010) Estimation of CO2 reduction for Japanese domestic container transportation based on mathematical models. J Mar Sci Technol 15:34–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng Q, Wang T (2010) A chance constrained programming model for short-term liner ship fleet planning problems. Marit Policy Manage 37(4):329–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng Q, Wang S (2011a) Optimal operating strategy for a long-haul liner service route. Eur J Oper Res 215:105–114

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Meng Q, Wang S (2011b) Liner shipping service network design with empty container repositioning. Transp Res Part E 47:695–708

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng Q, Wang T (2011c) A scenario-based dynamic programming model for multi-period liner ship fleet planning. Transp Res Part E 47:401–413

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng Q, Wang S (2012) Liner ship fleet deployment with week-dependent container shipment demand. Eur J Oper Res 222:241–252

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Meng Q, Wang T, Wang S (2012) Short-term liner ship fleet planning with container transhipment and uncertain container shipment demand. Eur J Oper Res 223:96–105

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Meng Q, Wang S, Andersson H, Thun K (2013) Containership routing and scheduling in liner shipping: overview and future research directions. Transp Sci (forthcoming)

  • Mourao MC, Pato MV, Paixao AC (2002) Ship assignment with hub and spoke constraints. Marit Policy Manage 29(2):135–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Notteboom TE (2006) The time factor in liner shipping services. Marit Econ Logist 8:19–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Notteboom T (2010) From multi-porting to a hub port configuration: the South African container port system in transition. Int J Shipp Transp Logis 2(2):224–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Notteboom TE, Rodrigue JP (2005) Port regionalization: towards a new phase in port development. Marit Policy Manage 32(3):297–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Olivo A, Zuddas P, Francesco MD, Manca A (2005) An operational model for empty container management. Marit Econ Logist 7:199–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson R (1988) Container ships and shipping. Fairplay Publications, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Perakis AN, Jaramillo DI (1991) Fleet deployment optimization for liner shipping. Part 1: background, problem formulation and solution approaches. Marit Policy Manage 18(3):183–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Polat O, Gunther HO, Kulak O (2012) The containership feeder network design problem: the new Izmir port as hub in the Black sea. In: Proceedings of LOGMS conference. Bremen, Germany

  • Powell BJ, Perakis AN (1997) Fleet deployment optimization for liner shipping: an integer programming model. Marit Policy Manage 24(2):183–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Qi X, Song DP (2012) Minimizing fuel emissions by optimizing vessel schedules in liner shipping with uncertain port times. Transp Res Part E 48:863–880

    Google Scholar 

  • Rana K, Vickson RG (1988) A model and solution algorithm for optimal routing of a time-chartered containership. Transp Sci 22(2):83–95

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Reinhardt LB, Pisinger D (2012) A branch and cut algorithm for the container shipping network design problem. Flex Serv Manuf J 24:349–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinhardt LB, Kallehauge B, Norrelund A, Olsen A (2007) Network design models for container shipping.http://www.dtu.dk/upload/institutter/ctt/pdf/maritime/ndmodel.pdf. Accessed 19 Aug 2011

  • Robinson R (2002) Ports as elements in value-driven chain systems: the new paradigm. Marit Policy Manage 29(3):241–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigue J-P, Comtois C, Slack B (2009) The geography of transport systems, 2nd edn. Routledge, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronen D (1983) Cargo ships routing and scheduling: survey of models and problems. Eur J Oper Res 12:119–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronen D (1993) Ship scheduling: the last decade. Eur J Oper Res 71:325–333

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Sheng X, Lee LH, Chew EP (2013) Dynamic determination of vessel speed and selection of bunkering ports for liner shipping under stochastic environment. OR Spectrum (forthcoming)

  • Shintani K, Imai A, Nishimura E, Papadimitriou S (2007) The container shipping network design problem with empty container repositioning. Transp Res Part E 43:39–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Song DP, Carter J (2009) Empty container repositioning in liner shipping. Marit Policy Manage 36(4):291–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Song DP, Dong JX (2008) Empty container management in cyclic shipping routes. Marit Econ Logist 10:335–361

    Google Scholar 

  • Song DP, Dong JX (2009) Flow balancing-based empty container repositioning in typical shipping service routes. In: Proceedings of IAME conference. Copenhagen, Denmark

  • Song DP, Dong JX (2011) Effectiveness of an empty container repositioning policy with flexible destination ports. Transp Policy 18:92–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Song DP, Dong JX (2012) Cargo routing and empty container repositioning in multiple shipping service routes. Transp Res Part B 46:1556–1575

    Google Scholar 

  • Song D, Zhang J, Carter J, Field T, Marshall J, Polak J, Schumacher K, Ray PS, Woods J (2005) On cost-efficiency of the global container shipping network. Marit Policy Manage 32(1):15–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Stopford M (2009) Maritime economics. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Takano K, Arai M (2009) A genetic algorithm for the hub-and-spoke problem applied to containerized cargo transport. J Mar Sci Technol 14:256–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Takano K, Arai M (2011) Study on a liner shipping network design considering empty container reposition. J Jpn Soc Nav Archit Ocean Eng 13:175–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Ting SC, Tzeng GH (2003a) Ship scheduling and cost analysis for route planning in liner shipping. Mar Econ Logis 5:378–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Ting SC, Tzeng GH (2003b) Ship scheduling and service network integration for liner shipping companies and strategic alliances. J East Asia Soc Transp Stud 5:765–777

    Google Scholar 

  • Ting SC, Tzeng GH (2004) An optimal containership slot allocation for liner shipping revenue manegement. Marit Policy Manage 31(3):199–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Tran NK (2011) Studying port selection on liner routes: an approach from logistics perspective. Res Transp Econ 32:39–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Unctad (2004) Assessment of a seaport land interface: an analytical framework. United Nations, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Unctad (2009) Review of maritime transport. United Nations, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Unctad (2011) Review of maritime transport. United Nations, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Verny J, Grigentin C (2009) Container shipping on the Northern Sea Route. Int J Prod Econ 122:107–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Waals F, Wijnolst N (2001) Malacca-max: container shipping network economy. In: Proceedings of IAME conference. Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong

  • Wang S (2013) Essential elements in tactical planning models for container liner shipping. Transp Res Part B 54:84–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Meng Q (2010) Liner shipping fleet deployment with cargo transshipment and demand uncertainty. In: Proceedings of LOGMS conference. Busan, Korea

  • Wang S, Meng Q (2011) Schedule design and container routing in liner shipping. J Transp Res Board 2222:25–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Meng Q (2012a) Liner ship fleet deployment with container transshipment operations.Transp Res Part E 48:470–484

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Meng Q (2012b) Robust schedule design for liner shipping services. Transp Res Part E 48:1093–1106

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Meng Q (2012c) Liner ship route schedule design with sea contingency time and port time uncertainty. Transp Res Part B 46:615–633

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Meng Q (2012d) Sailing speed optimization for container ships in a liner shipping network. Transp Res Part E 48:701–714

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Meng Q (2013) Reversing port rotation directions in a container liner shipping network. Transp Res Part B 50:61–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Tang G (2010) Stochastic optimization model for container shipping of sea carriage. J Transp Sys Eng Inf Technol 10(3):58–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Wang T, Meng Q (2011) A note on liner ship fleet deployment. Flex Serv Manuf J 23:422–430

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Meng Q, Sun Z (2013a) Container routing in liner shipping. Trans Res Part E 49:1–7

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Meng Q, Liu Z (2013b) Containership scheduling with transit-time-sensitive container shipment demand. Transp Res Part B 54:68–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Meng Q, Liu Z (2013c) Bunker consumption optimization methods in shipping: a critical review and extensions. Trans Res Part E 53:49–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Wijnolst N, Waals F, Bello F, Gendroneau Y, Kempen DV (2000) Malacca-max [2] Container shipping network economy. DUP, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y (1988) The economics of containership route deployment. GeoJournal 16(3):301

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie X, Wang T, Chen D (2000) A dynamic model and algorithm for fleet planning. Marit Policy Manage 27(1):53–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan S, Chen CY, Lin SC (2009) Ship scheduling and container shipment planning for liners in short-term operations. J Mar Sci Technol 14:417–435

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang Z, Chen K (2010) Optimization of shipping network of trunk and feeder lines for inter-regional and intra-regional container transport. J East Asia Soc Transp Stud 8

  • Yang Z, Chen K, Notteboom T (2012) Optimal design of container liner services: interactions with the transport demand in ports. Marit Econ Logist 14:409–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Yao Z, Ng SH, Lee LH (2010). A study on the planning of liner ship service with ship speed and bunkering port considerations. In: Proceedings of LOGMS conference. Busan, Korea

  • Yao Z, Ng SH, Lee LH (2012) A study on bunker fuel management for the shipping liner services. Comput Oper Res 39:1160–1172

    Google Scholar 

  • Zacharioudakis PG, Iordanis S, Lyridis DV, Psaraftis HN (2011) Liner shipping cycle cost modelling, fleet deployment optimization and what-if analysis. Marit Econ Logist 13:278–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Zambuzi NC, Cunha CB (2010) A decision support system for the planning of empty containers repositioning. In: Proceedings of IAME conference. Lisbon, Portugal

  • Zeng Z, Yang Z (2002) Dynamic programming of port position and scale in the hierachized container ports network. Marit Policy Manage 29(2):163–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeng Q, Yang Z, Chen C (2010) Robust optimization model for resource allocation of container shipping lines. Tsinghua Sci Technol 15(5):586–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Zijian G, Hong H (2001) An optimization model of international container transport system in China. In: Proceedings of 9th world conference on transport research. Seoul, Korea

  • Zurheide S, Fischer K (2012) A revenue management slot allocation model for liner shipping networks. Marit Econ Logist 14:334–361

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The paper has been prepared during the Euro Summer Institute on Maritime Logistics (2012). The authors are very thankful to the organizers of the event, especially Prof. Dr. Christian Bierwirth and Dr. Frank Meisel (Martin Luther University). We are also very thankful for the editors of the special issue as well as reviewers for the comments which are extremely helpful for our paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics, Universitaetsallee 11-13, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Nguyen Khoi Tran & Hans-Dietrich Haasis

Authors
  1. Nguyen Khoi Tran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hans-Dietrich Haasis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nguyen Khoi Tran.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tran, N.K., Haasis, HD. Literature survey of network optimization in container liner shipping. Flex Serv Manuf J 27, 139–179 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10696-013-9179-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10696-013-9179-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation