Abstract
The fulfillment of individual customer affective needs may award the producer extra premium in gaining a competitive edge. This entails a number of technical challenges to be addressed, such as the elicitation, evaluation, and fulfillment of affective needs, as well as the evaluation of affordability of producers to launch the planned products. Mass customization and personalization have been recognized as an effective means to enhance front-end customer satisfaction while maintaining back-end production efficiency. This paper proposes an affective design framework to facilitate decision-making in designing customized product ecosystems. In particular, ambient intelligence techniques are applied to elicit affective customer needs. An analytical model is proposed to support affective design analysis. Utility measure and conjoint analysis are employed to quantify affective satisfaction, while the producer affordability is evaluated using an affordability index. Association rule mining techniques are applied to model the mapping of affective needs to design elements. Configuration design of product ecosystems is optimized with a heuristic genetic algorithm. A case study of Volvo truck cab design is reported with a focus on the customization of affective features. It is demonstrated that the analytical affective design framework can effectively manage the elicitation, analysis, and fulfillment of affective customer needs. Meanwhile, it can account for the manufacturer’s capabilities, which is vital for ensuring a profit margin in the mass customization and personalization endeavor.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akao Y (1990) Quality function deployment: integrating customer requirements into product design. Productivity Press, Cambridge, MA
Armacost RT, Componation PJ, Mullens MA, Swart WW (1994) An AHP framework for prioritizing customer requirements in QFD: an industrialized housing application. IIE Trans 26(4):72–79
Azuma RT (1997) A survey of augmented reality. Presence: Teleope Virtual Environ 6(4):355–385
Boud AC, Haniff DJ, Baber C, Steiner SJ (1999) Virtual reality and augmented reality as a training tool for assembly tasks. Proceedings of 1999 IEEE international conference on information visualization, pp 32–36
Burchill G, Fine CH (1997) Time versus market orientation in product concept development: Empirically-based theory generation. Manag Sci 43(4):465–478
Byrne JG, Barlow T (1993) Structured brainstorming: a method for collecting user requirements. Proceedings of the 37th annual meeting of the human factors and ergonomics society, Seattle, WA, pp 427–431
Chen C-H, Khoo LP, Yan W (2002) A strategy for acquiring customer requirement patterns using laddering technique and ART2 neural network. Adv Eng Inform 16(3):229–240
Chen C-H, Khoo LP, Yan W (2003) Evaluation of multicultural factors from elicited customer requirements for new product development. Res Eng Des 14(3):119–130
Child P, Diederichs R, Sanders FH, Wisniowski S (1991) SMR forum: The management of complexity. Sloan Manag Rev 33(1):73–80
Clausing D (1994) Total quality development: a step-by-step guide to world class concurrent engineering. ASME Press, New York
Collier DA (1981) The measurement and operating benefits of component part commonality. Dec Sci 12(1):85–96
Dobson G, Kalish S (1993) Heuristics for pricing and positioning a product-line using conjoint and cost data. Manag Sci 39(2):160–175
Du X, Jiao J, Tseng MM (2003) Identifying customer need patterns for customization and personalization. Integr Manuf Syst 14(5):387–396
Ducatel K, Bogdanowicz M, Scapolo F, Leijten J, Burgelman J-C (2001) Scenarios for ambient intelligence in 2010, ISTAG Report, European Commission
Fishbein M, Ajzen L (1972) Attitudes and opinions. Ann Rev Psychol 23:487–554
Fung RYK, Popplewell K, Xie J (1998) An intelligent hybrid system for customer requirements analysis and product attribute targets determination. Int J Prod Res 36(1):13–34
Fung RYK, Tang J, Tu Y, Wang D (2002) Product design resources optimization using a non-linear fuzzy quality function deployment model. Int J Prod Res 40(3):585–599
Gershenson JK, Stauffer LA (1999) A taxonomy for design requirements from corporate customers. Res Eng Des 11(2):103–115
Green PE, DeSarbo WS (1978) Additive decomposition of perceptions data via conjoint analysis. J Consum Res 5(1):58–65
Green PE, Krieger AM (1985) Models and heuristics for product line selection. Market Sci 4(1):1–19
Gustafsson A, Gustafsson N (1994) Exceeding customer expectations, The 6th symposium on quality function deployment, pp 52–57, Novi, MI
Hajime N (2002) Application of Kansei engineering for new production development for beverages (http://www.ffcr.or.jp/zaidan/FFCRHOME.nsf//$FILE/202–6.pdf)
Hauge PL, Stauffer LA (1993) ELK: a method for eliciting knowledge from customers. Des Methodol 53:73–81
Helander MG, Tham MP (2003) Hedonomics-affective human factors design. Ergonomics 46(13/14):1269–1272
Helander MG, Khalid HM, Tham MP (2001) Proceedings of the international conference on affective human factors design, ASEAN Academic Press, London, 1-901919-28-5
Huffman C, Kahn B (1998) Variety for sale: mass customization or mass confusion?. J Retail 74(4):491–513
Ishihara S, Ishihara K, Nagamashi M, Matsubara Y (1995) An automatic builder for a Kansei engineering expert system using self-organizing neural networks. Int J Indus Ergon 15(1):13–24
Jenkins S (1995) Modeling a perfect profile, Marketing, (July 13): 6, London
Jiao J, Tseng MM (1999) A pragmatic approach to product costing based on standard time estimation. Int J Oper Prod Manag 19(7):738–755
Jiao J, Tseng MM (2000) Understanding product family for mass customization by developing commonality indices. J Eng Desi 11(3):225–243
Jiao J, Tseng MM (2004) Customizability analysis in design for mass customization. Comput Aid Desi 36(8):745–757
Jiao J, Zhang Y (2005)a Product portfolio identification based on association rule mining. Comput Aid Desi 37(2):149–172
Jiao J, Zhang Y (2005)b Product portfolio planning with customer-engineering interaction. IIE Trans 37(9):801–814
Jiao J, Zhang L, Pokharel S (2003) Process platform planning for mass customization. Proceedings of the 2nd interdisciplinary world congress on mass customization and personalization, Technical University, Munich, CD-ROM
Jiao J, Zhang L, Pokharel S (2005) Coordinating product and process variety for mass customized order fulfillment. Prod Plan Cont 16(6):608–620
Jiao J, Zhang Y, Helander MG (2006) A Kansei mining system for affective design. Expert Syst Appl 30(4):658–673
Jordan PW (2000) The four pleasures-a framework for pleasures in design. In: PW Jordan (ed) proceedings of conference on pleasure based human factors design, Groningen. Philips Design, The Netherlands
JSKE, 2003, Japan society of Kansei engineering, http://www.jske.org/
Kano N, Seraku N, Takahashi F, Tsuji S (1984) Attractive quality and must-be quality. Hinshitsu 14(2):39–48, The Japan Society for Quality Control
Karlsson B, Aronsson N, Svensson K (2003) Using semantic environment description as a tool to evaluate car interiors. Ergonomics 46(13/14):1408–1422
Kaul A, Rao VR (1995) Research for product positioning and design decisions: an integrative review. Int J Res Market 12:293–320
Khalid HM (2001) Towards affective collaborative design. In: MJ Smith, G Salvendy, D Harris, RJ Koubek (eds), Usability evaluation and interface design. Proceedings of HCI international 2001 (Vol 1). Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
Khalid HM, Helander MG (2004) A framework for affective customer needs in product design. Theor Issues Ergon Sci 5(1):27–42
Khalid HM (2006) Embracing diversity in user needs for affective design. Appl Ergon 37(4):409–418
Kota S, Sethuraman K, Miller R (2000) A metric for evaluating design commonality in product families. ASME J Mech Des 122(4):403–410
Lin J, Fox MS, Bilgic T (1996) A requirement ontology for engineering design. Concur Eng Res Appl 4(4):279–291
Matsubara Y, Nagamachi M (1997) Hybrid Kansei engineering system and design support. Int J Indus Ergon 19(2):81–92
Meyer MH (1997) Revitalize your product lines through continuous platform renewal. Res Technol Manag 40(2):17–28
Meyer MH, Lehnerd AP (1997) The power of product platforms- building value and cost leadership. The Free Press, New York
McAdams DA, Stone RB, Wood KL (1999) Functional interdependence and product similarity based on customer needs. Res Eng Des 11(1):1–19
Moore WL, Louviere JJ, Verma R (1999) Using conjoint analysis to help design product platforms. J Prod Innov Manag 16(1):27–39
Morris LJ, Stauffer LA (1994) A design taxonomy for eliciting customer requirements, The 16th annual conference on computers and industrial engineering. Pergamon, New York
Nadia B-B (2001) Kansei mining: identifying visual impressions as patterns in images Proceedings of International Conference IFSA/NAFIPS, Vancouver
Nair SK, Thakur LS, Wen K (1995) Near optimal solutions for product line design and selection: beam search heuristics. Manag Sci 41:767–785
Nagamachi M (1989) Kansei engineering. Kaibundo Publisher, Tokyo
Nagamachi M (1996) Introduction of Kansei engineering. Japan Standard Association, Tokyo
Rothwell R, Gardiner P (1990) Robustness and product design families. In: Oakley M (eds) Design management: a handbook of issues and methods. Basil Blackwell, Cambridge, MA
Rounds KS, Cooper JS (2002) Development of product design requirements using taxonomies of environmental issues. Res Eng Des 13(2):94–108
Saaty TL (1990) The Analytic Hierarchy Process. RWS Publications, Pittsburgh
Sanchez R (1994) Towards a science of strategic product design: system design, component modularity, and product leveraging strategies, The 2nd international product development management conference on new approaches to development and engineering, Gothenburg, Sweden
Sanderson SW (1991) Cost models for evaluating virtual design strategies in multicycle product families. J Eng Technol Manag 8:(3–4):339–358
Sedgwick J, Henson B, Barnes C (2003) Designing pleasurable products and interfaces. Proceedings of the 2003 International conference on designing pleasurable products and interfaces, Pittsburgh, 2003
Siddique Z (2000) Common platform development: design for product variety, Ph.D. Dissertation. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
Stauffer L, Morris L (1992) A new program to enhance the development of product requirements, nsf design and manufacturing systems conference. Atlanta, Georgia
Treleven M, Wacker JG (1987) The sources, measurements, and managerial implications of process commonality. J Oper Manag 7:11–25
Tseng MM, Jiao J (1996) Design for mass customization. Ann CIRP 45(1):153–156
Tseng MM, Jiao J (1998) Computer-aided requirement management for product definition: A methodology and implementation. Concurr Eng Res and Appl 6(2):145–160
Tseng MM, Jiao J (2004) Customizability analysis in design for mass customization. Comput Aid Des 36:745–757
Tseng MM, Piller FT (2003) The customer centric enterprise: advances in mass customization and personalization. Springer Verlag, New York/Berlin
Tseng MM, Du XH (1998) Design by customers for mass customization products. Annals CIRP 47(1):103–106
Turksen IB, Willson IA (1992) Customer preferences models: fuzzy theory approach. Proceedings of the SPIE—international society for optical engineering. Boston, MA, pp 203–211
Urban GL, Hauser JR (1993) Design and marketing of new products. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Van Laarhoven PJM, Pedrycz W (1983) Fuzzy extension of Saaty’s priority theory. Fuzzy Sets Syst 11(3):229–242
Wacker JG, Treleven M (1986) Component part standardization: an analysis of commonality sources and indices. J Oper Manag 6:219–244
Wheelwright SC, Clark KB (1992) Creating project plans to focus product development. Harvard Bus Rev 70(2):70–82
Yan W, Chen C-H, Khoo LP (2002) An integrated approach to the elicitation of customer requirements for engineering design using picture sorts and fuzzy evaluation. AIEDAM 16(2):59–71
Zeithaml VA (1988) Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: a means-end model and synthesis of evidence. J Market 52:2–22
Acknowledgement
This research is partially sponsored by the European Commission (DG Information Society and Media) in the framework of the 6th Research Program (FP6) under grant IST-5-035030-STREP (http://www.cater-ist.org). Also acknowledged is support from Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) Thematic Strategic Research Programme grant on human factors engineering (#062 131 0066).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiao, R.J., Xu, Q., Du, J. et al. Analytical affective design with ambient intelligence for mass customization and personalization. Int J Flex Manuf Syst 19, 570–595 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10696-008-9032-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10696-008-9032-1