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Citral and linalool chemotypes of Lippia alba essential oil as anesthetics for fish: a detailed physiological analysis of side effects during anesthetic recovery in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

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Abstract

The viability using Lippia alba essential oil as an anesthetic for fish was studied, particularly with respect to physiological effects during recovery. Anesthesia of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) using 100 and 300 μL L−1 of two different chemotypes of L. alba essential oil (citral EO-C and linalool EO-L) prevented the increase of plasma cortisol levels caused by handling, but did not avoid alterations in energetic metabolism. Silver catfish did not have increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species in the kidney and liver during recovery after anesthesia with either EO, avoiding lipid damage. On the other hand, fish anesthetized with EO-C showed higher protein carbonylation levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase activities and non-protein thiol group levels in both tissues compared to controls. Our results suggest that both oils show antioxidant capacity, but anesthesia with EO-L does not cause damage to lipids or proteins, only temporary changes, typical of physiological adjustments during recovery from anesthesia. Therefore, EO-L is an effective anesthetic for silver catfish with fewer side effects than EO-C.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CNPq), Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and INCT-ADAPTA (CNPq).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil

    Carine de Freitas Souza, Adriane Erbice Bianchini, Elisia Gomes da Silva & Bernardo Baldisserotto

  2. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil

    Matheus Dellaméa Baldissera

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Santarém, Pará, 68035-110, Brazil

    Rosa Helena Veraz Mourão

  4. Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Santarém, Pará, 68035-110, Brazil

    Lenise Vargas Flores da Silva

  5. Departamento de Agronomia e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Centro de Educação Superior Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Denise Schmidt

  6. Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil

    Berta Maria Heinzmann

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  1. Carine de Freitas Souza
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  2. Matheus Dellaméa Baldissera
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  3. Adriane Erbice Bianchini
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  4. Elisia Gomes da Silva
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  5. Rosa Helena Veraz Mourão
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  8. Berta Maria Heinzmann
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  9. Bernardo Baldisserotto
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Correspondence to Carine de Freitas Souza or Bernardo Baldisserotto.

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de Freitas Souza, C., Baldissera, M.D., Bianchini, A.E. et al. Citral and linalool chemotypes of Lippia alba essential oil as anesthetics for fish: a detailed physiological analysis of side effects during anesthetic recovery in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Fish Physiol Biochem 44, 21–34 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-017-0410-z

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