Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of dietary l-tryptophan on osmotic stress tolerance in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, juveniles

  • Published:
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Common carp juveniles were fed two types of diet (control: 0.1% tryptophan and TRP: 0.6% tryptophan) over 15 days. Thereafter, both groups were directly subjected to osmotic challenge (from 0 to 10 ppt) for 168 h. Blood samples were collected at −240, 0, 6, 24, 72 and 168 h after challenge. Survival and serum cortisol, glucose, sodium and chloride levels were measured to determine stress response and osmoregulation condition. While TRP group showed no mortality until 168 h, cumulative mortality was near 100% at 72 h after challenge in control group. Feeding tryptophan-supplemented diet led to increase in prechallenge cortisol, but not glucose, sodium and chloride values at −240 h that stayed elevated until 0 h after challenge. After challenge, cortisol and glucose values did not significantly affected by time of sampling but type of diet and diet × time interaction. Sodium values significantly affected by diet type and time of sampling but not their interaction. Chloride values significantly affected by time of sampling but not diet type and their interaction. Control group had higher cortisol, glucose and sodium than TRP at each time of sampling. Control and TRP group showed increasing and decreasing pattern in cortisol and glucose values when experiment progressed after osmotic challenge. Both group showed increasing pattern in sodium and chloride values when experiment progressed after osmotic challenge. Results indicated that tryptophan supplementation enhanced salt water tolerance of carp that is due to increase in basal cortisol and anti-stress effect of tryptophan and possibly increase in serotonergic activity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abohegab S, Hanke W (1984) The significance of cortisol for osmoregulation in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (Sarotherodon mossambicus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 54:409–417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aldegunde M, Garcia J, Soengas JL, Rozas G (1998) Uptake of tryptophan into brain of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss). J Exp Zool 282:285–289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Assem H, Hanke W (1981) Cortisol and osmotic adjustment of the euryhaline teleost, Sarotherodon mossambicus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 43:370–380

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balment JJ, Hazon N, Perrott MN (1987) Control of corticosteroid secretion and its relation to osmoregulation in lower vertebrates. In: Kirsch R, Lahlou B (eds) Comparative physiology of environmental adaptations 1. Adaptations to salinity and dehydration. Karger, Basel, pp 92–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Barton BA, Peter RE, Paulencu CHR (1980) Plasma cortisol levels of fingerling rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri at rest, and smoltification in Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisuth. Gen Comp Endocrinol 59:468–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beckman BR, Larsen DA, Dickhoff WW (2003) Life history plasticity in Chinook salmon: relation of size and growth rate to autumnal smolting. Aquaculture 222:149–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bilton HT, Alderdice DF, Schnute JT (1982) Influence of time and size at release of juvenile Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) on returns at maturity. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 39:426–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjornsson BT, Bradley TM (2007) Epilogue: past successes, present misconceptions and future milestones in salmon smoltification research. Aquaculture 273:384–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bœuf G, Payan P (2001) How should salinity influence fish growth? Comp Biochem Physiol 130C:411–423

    Google Scholar 

  • De boeck G, Nilsson GE, Vlaemincki A, Blusti R (1996) Central and monoaminergic responses to salinity and temperature rises in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). J Exp Biol 199:1605–1611

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forrest JN, Cohen AD, Schon DA, Epstein FH (1973) Na transport and Na+–K+-ATPase in gills during adaptation to seawater: effects of cortisol. Am J Physiol 224:709–713

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaumet F, Bœuf G, Severe A, Le Roux A, Mayer-Gostan N (1995) Effects of salinity on the ionic balance and growth of juvenile turbot. J Fish Biol 47:865–876

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta OP, Hanke W (1982) The effects of osmotic stressors on the stenohaline carp (Cyprinus carpio). Comp Biochem Physiol 71A:165–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoar WS (1988) The physiology of smolting salmonids. In: Hoar W, Randall DJ (eds) Fish physiology, part B, vol 11. Academic Press, New York, pp 275–343

    Google Scholar 

  • Hseu JR, Lu FI, Su HM, Wang LS, Tsai CL, Hwang PP (2003) Effects of exogenous tryptophan on cannibalism, survival and growth in juvenile grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Aquac Eng 218:251–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston WL, Atkinson JL, Hilton JW, Were KE (1983) Effect of dietary tryptophan on plasma and brain tryptophan, brain 5-HT, and brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in rainbow trout, Oncoryhnchus mykiss (Walbaum). J Nut Biochem 1(1):49–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuwaye TT, Okimoto DK, Shimoda SK, Howerton RD, Lin HR, Pang PKT, Grau EG (1993) Effect of 17α-methyltestosterone on the growth of euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, in fresh water and sea water. Aquaculture 113:137–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lepage O, Tottmar O, Winberg S (2002) Elevated dietary intake of l-tryptophan counteracts the stress-induced elevation of plasma cortisol in Oncoryhnchus mykiss (Walbaum). J Exp Biol 205:3679–3687

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lepage O, Vílchez IM, Pottinger TG, Winberg S (2003) Time-course of the effect of dietary l-tryptophan on plasma cortisol levels in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. J Exp Biol 206:3589–3599

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Madsen SS (1990a) Cortisol treatment improves the development of hypoosmoregulatory mechanisms in the euryhaline rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Fish Physiol Biochem 8:45–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madsen SS (1990b) Enhanced hypoosmoregulatory response to growth hormone after cortisol treatment in immature rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Fish Physiol Biochem 8:271–279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madsen SS (1990c) The role of cortisol and growth hormone in seawater adaptation and development of hypoosmoregulatory mechanisms in sea trout parr (Salmo trutta trutta). Gen Comp Endocrinol 71:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCormick SD, Bern HA (1989) In vitro stimulation of Na+–K+-ATPase activity and ouabain binding by cortisol in coho salmon gill. Am J Physiol 256:707–715

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan JD, Iwama GK (1996) Cortisol-induced changes in oxygen consumption and ionic regulation in coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) parr. Fish Physiol Biochem 15:385–394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mustafayev NJ, Mekhtiev AA (2008) Changes of the serotonergic system activity in fish tissues during an increase of water salinity. J Evol Biochem Physiol 44:69–73

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ovissipour M, Abedian A, Motamedzadegan A, Rasco B, Safari R, Shahiri H (2009) The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis time and temperature on the properties of protein hydrolysates from Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) viscera. Food Chem 115:238–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasooli A, Jalali MT, Nouri M, Mohammadian B, Barati F (2009) Effects of chronic heat stress on testicular structures, serum testosterone and cortisol concentrations in developing lambs. Anim Rep Sci (in press)

  • Sakamoto T, Kozaka T, Takahashi A, Kawauchi H, Ando M (2001) Medaka Oryzias latipes as a model for hypoosmoregulation of euryhaline fishes. Aquaculture 193:347–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tejpal CS, Pal AK, Sahu NP, Kumar JA, Muthappa NA, Sagar V, Rajan MG (2008) Dietary supplementation of l-tryptophan mitigates crowding stress and augments the growth in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings. Aquaculture 293:272–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuzuki MY, Ogawa K, Strüssmann CA, Maita M, Takashima F, Melo CMR (2007) The significance of cortisol on acclimation to salinity in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 59:1301–1307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Linden A, Vanaudenhove M, Verhoye M, De Boeck G, Blust R (1999) Osmoregulation of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) when exposed to an osmotic challenge assessed in vivo and non-invasively by diffusion and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Comp Biochem Physiol 124A:343–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendelaar Bonga SE (1993) Endocrinology. In: Evans DH (ed) The physiology of fishes. CRC Press, Baco Raton, pp 496–502

    Google Scholar 

  • Winberg S, Øverli Ø, Lepage O (2001) Suppression of aggression in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) by dietary l-tryptophan. J Exp Biol 204:3867–3876

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fisheries Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

    Seyyed Morteza Hoseini & Seyed Abbas Hosseini

Authors
  1. Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Seyed Abbas Hosseini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seyyed Morteza Hoseini.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hoseini, S.M., Hosseini, S.A. Effect of dietary l-tryptophan on osmotic stress tolerance in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, juveniles. Fish Physiol Biochem 36, 1061–1067 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-010-9383-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-010-9383-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation