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Atmospheric Characterization via Broadband Color Filters on the PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) Mission

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Abstract

We assess broadband color filters for the two fast cameras on the PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) space mission with respect to exoplanetary atmospheric characterization. We focus on Ultra Hot Jupiters and Hot Jupiters placed 25pc and 100pc away from the Earth and warm Super-Earths placed 10pc and 25pc away. Our analysis takes as input literature values for the difference in transit depth between the broadband lower (500-675 nm) wavelength interval (hereafter referred to as” blue“) and the upper (675-1125nm) broadband wavelength interval (hereafter referred to as” red“) for transmission, occultation and phase curve analyses. Planets orbiting main sequence central stars with stellar classes F, G, K and M are investigated. We calculate the signal-to-noise ratio with respect to photon and instrument noise for detecting the difference in transit depth between the two spectral intervals. Results suggest that bulk atmospheric composition and planetary geometric albedos could be detected for (Ultra) Hot Jupiters up to ~ 100pc (~25pc) with strong (moderate) Rayleigh extinction. Phase curve information could be extracted for Ultra Hot Jupiters orbiting K and G dwarf stars up to 25pc away. For warm Super-Earths, basic atmospheric types (primary and water-dominated) and the presence of sub-micron hazes in the upper atmosphere could be distinguished for up to a handful of cases up to ~ 10pc.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the European Space Agency and the PLATO Mission Consortium, whose outstanding efforts have made these results possible. The authors also extend warm thanks to members of the PLATO Science Working Team (SWT) for fruitful discussion. We also thank heartily the science and local organizing committees of the PLATO atmosphere workshops held in DLR-PF Berlin as well as their scientific participants whose discussions and input considerably helped to improve this manuscript. M. G. gratefully acknowledges support by the DFG through the project GO 2610/1-1. L.C. acknowledges funding by DLR grant 50OR1804. The authors gratefully acknowledge ISSI Team 464.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Extrasolar Planets and Atmospheres (EPA), Institute for Planetary Research (PF), German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Rutherfordstr. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany

    John Lee Grenfell, Juan Cabrera, Alexis M. S. Smith & Heike Rauer

  2. Centre for Astronomy und Astrophysics (ZAA), Berlin Institute of Technology (TUB), Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany

    Mareike Godolt, Antonio Garcίa Muñoz & Heike Rauer

  3. Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany

    Ludmila Carone

  4. Center for Space and Habitability (CSH), Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland

    Daniel Kitzmann

  5. Institute for Geological Sciences, Planetology and Remote Sensing, Free University of Berlin (FUB), Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249, Berlin, Germany

    Heike Rauer

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  1. John Lee Grenfell
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Appendices

Appendix A1

Table 13 Transit parameters for the PLATO FC blue and red spectral intervals
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Appendix A2

Figure 19 (a-d) shows 4 cases, namely case (a) where TDblue-red is large, positive and statistically significant; cases b) and (c) where TDblue-red is small (either weakly negative as in case (b) or weakly positive as in case (c)) and non-significant, and case (d) where TDblue-red is large, negative and statistically significant.

Fig. 19
figure 19

TDblue-red ± 1σ (ppm) for four example observed cases from Table 3. Figure 19 photon flux at the stellar surfaceblue-red ± 1σ (ppm) for four example cases from Table 3. Thick blue (red) lines show the arithmetic mean TD (ppm) values in the blue (red) interval.

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Appendix A3

Table 14 Variation of Geometric Albedo for HJ 189733b as a function of wavelength. Data taken from polarimetry observations by Berdyugina et al. [49]
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Grenfell, J.L., Godolt, M., Cabrera, J. et al. Atmospheric Characterization via Broadband Color Filters on the PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) Mission. Exp Astron 50, 1–49 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-020-09660-1

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