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Variation in two PPO genes associated with polyphenol oxidase activity in seeds of common wheat

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Abstract

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is often regarded as a major factor resulting in time-dependent darkening and discoloration of Asian noodles and other wheat end products. To understand the relationship between variation of PPO genes and PPO activity of seed, the three PPO genes, which express in immature wheat grain, were investigated in 216 common wheat cultivars. The results indicated that only TaPPO-A1 and TaPPO-D1 showed high polymorphisms related to PPO activity. Two alleles in both TaPPO-A1 (TaPPO-A1a and TaPPO-A1b) and TaPPO-D1 (TaPPO-D1a and TaPPO-D1b) were detected using denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Wheat cultivars with TaPPO-A1b usually showed higher PPO activity than those with TaPPO-A1a. The TaPPO-D1a allele was often found in lower-PPO-activity cultivars, compared with TaPPO-D1b. The sequencing results of DNA fragments confirmed that two introns existed in TaPPO-D1 like TaPPO-A1. Some variation of introns was detected in the two alleles of TaPPO-D1. During seed development, the high-PPO-activity cultivar, Yangmai 158 (TaPPO-A1b/TaPPO-D1b) showed higher transcription of the two PPO genes, in comparison to low-activity cultivar, Yongchuanbaimai (TaPPO-A1a/TaPPO-D1a). These results suggested that variation in introns may influence the transcription of TaPPO-A1 and TaPPO-D1 in immature seeds of wheat.

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Abbreviations

PAGE:

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

RT–PCR:

Reverse-transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction

SSR:

Simple sequence repeat

STS:

Sequenced tagged site

TBE:

Tris–boric acid–EDTA

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Shi-He Xiao (Institute of Crop Sciences in CAAS) and Prof. Zhi-Yong Liu (CAU) for kindly providing materials. We also thank Dr. Hong-Wei Cai (Forage Crop Research Institute, Japan Grassland Agriculture and Forage Seed Association) for helpful discussion on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Nature Foundation of China (Numbers 30270823 and 30471076).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Cheng Chang, Jie Xu, Ming-Shan You, Bao-Yun Li & Guang-Tian Liu

  2. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University (CAU), 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100094, People’s Republic of China

    Cheng Chang, Jie Xu, Ming-Shan You, Bao-Yun Li & Guang-Tian Liu

  3. Institute of Crop Sciences National Wheat Improvement Centre, The National Key Facilities for Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement NFCRI, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China

    Cheng Chang & Hai-Ping Zhang

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  1. Cheng Chang
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Correspondence to Bao-Yun Li.

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Cheng Chang and Hai-Ping Zhang contribute equally.

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Chang, C., Zhang, HP., Xu, J. et al. Variation in two PPO genes associated with polyphenol oxidase activity in seeds of common wheat. Euphytica 154, 181–193 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9285-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9285-2

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