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SSR analysis of cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm resistant to rust and late leaf spot diseases

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Abstract

Cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an agronomically and economically important oilseed crop grown extensively throughout the semi-arid tropics of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Rust (Puccinia arachidis) and late leaf spot (LLS, Phaseoisariopsis personata) are among the major diseases causing significant yield loss in groundnut. The development of varieties with high levels of resistance has been constrained by adaptation of disease isolates to resistance sources and incomplete resistance in resistant sources. Despite the wide range of morphological diversity observed in the cultivated groundnut gene pool, molecular marker analyses have thus far been unable to detect a parallel level of genetic diversity. However, the recent development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers presents new opportunities for molecular diversity analysis of cultivate groundnut. The current study was conducted to identify diverse disease resistant germplasm for the development of mapping populations and for their introduction into breeding programs. Twenty-three SSRs were screened across 22 groundnut genotypes with differing levels of resistance to rust and LLS. Overall, 135 alleles across 23 loci were observed in the 22 genotypes screened. Twelve of the 23 SSRs (52%) showed a high level of polymorphism, with PIC values ≥0.5. This is the first report detecting such high levels of genetic polymorphism in cultivated groundnut. Multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analyses revealed three well-separated groups of genotypes. Locus by locus AMOVA and Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA identified candidate SSR loci that may be valuable for mapping rust and LLS resistance. The molecular diversity analysis presented here provides valuable information for groundnut breeders designing strategies for incorporating and pyramiding rust and late leaf spot resistances and for molecular biologists wishing to create recombinant inbred line populations to map these traits.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Mr. A. Gafoor for technical assistance, Mr. S. Hari Krishna for biometrical assistance, Dr. S.L. Dwivedi for selection of material, and Dr. M. Ferguson for early access to SSR markers. D.T. Phong carried out this research through a visiting scientist fellowship under the Asian Development Bank-funded project ‘Rapid Crop Improvement for Poor Farmers in the Semi-Arid Tropics of Asia’ (RETA 5945). Biotechnology research at ICRISAT is grateful for unrestricted grants from the governments of Japan, UK and EU.

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Author notes

  1. E. S. Mace

    Present address: Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries, Hermitage Research Station, 604 Yangan Road, Warwick, QLD, 4370, Australia

  2. S. Chandra

    Present address: Department of Primary Industries, PIRVic-Biometrics, PB 1 Ferguson Road, Tatura, Victoria, 3616, Australia

  3. J. H. Crouch

    Present address: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico D.F., Mexico

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Crop Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, 502 324, India

    E. S. Mace, H. D. Upadhyaya, S. Chandra & J. H. Crouch

  2. Department of Plant Cell Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Hoang Quoc Viet 18, Hanoi, Vietnam

    D. T. Phong

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  1. E. S. Mace
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  2. D. T. Phong
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  3. H. D. Upadhyaya
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  4. S. Chandra
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Correspondence to E. S. Mace.

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E.S. Mace and D.T. Phong contributed equally to this work.

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Mace, E.S., Phong, D.T., Upadhyaya, H.D. et al. SSR analysis of cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm resistant to rust and late leaf spot diseases. Euphytica 152, 317–330 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9218-0

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