Skip to main content
Log in

Help-Seeking Behaviors of People with Disabilities in the Workplace

  • Published:
Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Drawing upon in-depth interviews with forty-one respondents, the present study explores how different types of pre-entry relationships influence post-entry help-seeking of people with disabilities during the socialization period. Findings indicate that help-seeking is influenced by pre-entry relationships that persist post organizational entry and by coworkers who can trigger a self-perpetuating cycle of relational acceptance by the broader group of colleagues. Findings imply that pre-entry relationships with coworkers can offer newcomers relational benefits that are similar to those afforded to longer tenured employees. The study raises questions about optimal balance in workplace relationships and about social boundaries created by fairness considerations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen, T. D., McManus, S. E., & Russell, J. E. A. (1999). Newcomer socialization and stress: Formal peer relationships as a source of support. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 453–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alvesson, M., Hardy, C., & Harley, B. (2008). Reflecting on reflexivity: Reflexive textual practices in organization and management theory. Journal of Management Studies, 45, 480–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amato, P. R., & Saunders, J. (1985). The perceived dimensions of help-seeking episodes. Social Psychology Quarterly, 48, 130–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Austin, J. R. (2003). Expertise and friendship: Help seeking efficacy in groups. Academy of Management Best Conference Paper, OB: H1-H6.

  • Baldridge, D. C., & Veiga, J. F. (2001). Toward a greater understanding of the willingness to request an accommodation: Can requesters’ beliefs disable the Americans with disabilities act? Academy of Management Review, 26, 85–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldridge, D. C., & Veiga, J. F. (2006). The impact of anticipated social consequences on recurring disability accommodation requests. Journal of Management, 32, 158–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bamberger, P. (2009). Employee Help seeking antecedents, consequences and new insights for future research. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 28, 49–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borgatti, S. P., & Cross, R. (2003). A relational view of information seeking and learning in social networks. Management Science, 49, 432–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyle, M. A. (1997). Social barriers to successful reentry into mainstream organizational culture: Perceptions of people with disabilities. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 8, 259–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, J. C., Pearson, A. W., Vest, M. J., & Boyar, S. L. (2006). Prior occupational experience, anticipatory socialization, and employee retention. Journal of Management, 32, 343–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chao, G. T., O’Leary-Kelly, A. M., Wolf, S., Klein, H. J., & Gardner, P. D. (1994). Organizational socialization: Its content and consequences. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 730–743.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cleavenger, D., Gardner, W. L., & Mhatre, K. (2007). Help-seeking: Testing the effects of task interdependence and normativeness on employees propensity to seek help. Journal of Business and Psychology, 21, 331–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colella, A. (1994). Organizational socialization of employees with disabilities: Critical issues and implications for workplace interventions. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 4, 87–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colella, A. (2001). Coworker distributive fairness judgments of the workplace accommodation of employees with disabilities. Academy Of Management Review, 26, 100–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colella, A., Paetzold, R. L., Belliveau, M. A., & Hollenbeck, J. (2004). Factors affecting coworkers’ procedural justice inferences of the workplace accommodations of employees with disabilities. Personnel Psychology, 57, 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Confederation of Indian Industry. (2009). A values route to business success: The why and how of employing persons with disability. Bangalore: Diversity and Equal Opportunity Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • DePaulo, B. (1982). Social psychological processes in informal help-seeking. In T. A. Wills (Ed.), Basic processes in helping relationships (pp. 255–279). New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, D. (1976). A contingency theory of socialization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21, 433–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, D. (1981). The multiple socialization of organization members. Academy of Management Review, 6, 309–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, A. E., & McMullen, P. A. (1982). The help-seeking process. In V. J. Derlega & J. L. Grzelak (Eds.), Cooperation and helping behavior: Theories and research (pp. 305–326). New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruman, J. A., Saks, A. M., & Zweig, D. I. (2006). Organizational socialization tactics and newcomer proactive behaviors: An integrative study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69, 90–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hannah, D. R., & Lautsch, B. A. (2011). Counting in qualitative research: Why to conduct it, when to avoid it, and when to closet it. Journal of Management Inquiry, 20, 14–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann, D. A., Lei, Z., & Grant, A. M. (2009). Seeking help in the shadow of doubt: The sensemaking processes underlying how nurses decide whom to ask for advice. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 1261–1274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jokisaari, M., & Nurmi, J. (2009). Change in newcomers’ manager support and socialization outcomes after organizational entry. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 527–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, G. E. (1997). Advancement opportunity issues for people with disabilities. Human Resource Management Review, 7, 55–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Wanberg, C. R. (2003). Unwrapping the organizational entry process: Disentangling multiple antecedents and their pathways to adjustment. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 779–794.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, H. J., & Heuser, A. E. (2008). The learning of socialization content: A Framework for researching orientating practices. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 27, 279–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klimoski, R., & Donahue, L. (1997). HR strategies for integrating individuals with disabilities in the work place. Human Resource Management Review, 7, 109–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni, M., & Lengnick-Hall, M. (2011). Socialization of people with disabilities in the workplace. Human Resource Management, 50, 521–540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, F. (1997). When the going gets tough, do the tough ask for help? Help seeking and power motivation in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 72, 336–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, F. (2002). The social costs of seeking help. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 38, 17–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lengnick-Hall, M. L., Gaunt, P. M., & Kulkarni, M. (2008). Overlooked and underutilized: People with disabilities are an untapped human resource. Human Resource Management, 47, 255–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, N. (1999). Building a network theory of social capital. Connections, 22, 28–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurer, T. J., Pierce, H. R., & Shore, L. M. (2002). Perceived beneficiary of employee development activity: A three-dimensional social exchange model. Academy of Management Review, 27, 432–444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, E. W. (2002). Newcomers’ relationships: The role of social network ties during socialization. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 1149–1160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nadler, A., Ellis, S., & Bar, I. (2003). To seek or not to seek: The relationship between help-seeking and job performance evaluations as moderated by task-relevant expertise. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 91–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reichers, A. E. (1987). An interactionist perspective on newcomer socialization rates. Academy of Management Review, 12, 278–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riordan, C. M., Weatherly, E. W., Vandenberg, R. J., & Self, R. M. (2001). The effects of pre entry experiences and socialization tactics on newcomer attitudes and turnover. Journal of Managerial Issues, 13, 159–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rynes, S. L., Bretz, R. D., Jr., & Gerhart, B. (1991). The importance of recruitment in job choice: A different way of looking. Personnel Psychology, 44, 487–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scholarios, D., Lockyer, C., & Johnson, H. (2003). Anticipatory socialisation: The effect of recruitment and selection experiences on career expectations. Career Development International, 8, 182–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Settoon, R. P., & Adkins, C. L. (1997). Newcomer socialization: The role of supervisors, coworkers, friends and family members. Journal of Business and Psychology, 11, 507–516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, L. A., Carmichael, J. S., Blackwell, L. V., Cleveland, J. N., & Thornton, G. C. (2010). Perceptions of discrimination and justice among employees with disabilities. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 22, 5–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stone, D., & Colella, A. (1996). A model of factors affecting the treatment of disabled individuals in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 21, 352–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wills, T. A. (1983). Social comparison in coping and help seeking. In B. M. DePaulo, A. Nadler, & J. D. Fisher (Eds.), New directions in helping, vol. 2 (pp. 109–142). New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2011). World report on disability. Geneva: WHO Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mukta Kulkarni.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kulkarni, M. Help-Seeking Behaviors of People with Disabilities in the Workplace. Employ Respons Rights J 25, 41–57 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-012-9202-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-012-9202-x

Key words

Navigation