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To what extent is REDD + integrated into land-use sectors driving deforestation? Insights from Cameroon

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Abstract

Environmental policies ought to be integrated into economic sectors for successful outcomes. We assess to what extent Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD +) is integrated into land-use sectors driving deforestation in Cameroon. REDD + governance has been extensively examined, including the challenges of a multisectoral approach to tackle the drivers of deforestation, especially those lying outside the forestry sector. Yet, these studies have focussed on cross-sectoral coordination, giving little attention to factors such as political will and the adequacy of policy instruments for integration. We amend and apply an innovative framework for environmental policy integration to conduct a comprehensive assessment of REDD + policy integration in Cameroon, a Congo Basin country experiencing increasing deforestation rates due to agriculture, husbandry, infrastructure development and mining. Drawing from policy documents and in-depth interviews with key informants, we found out that territorial battles between ministries, insecurity about their understanding of forest matters in different land-use sectors, and dysfunctional policy instruments have undermined REDD + policy integration. Our study suggests that REDD + integration into land-use sectors would be enhanced by informing stakeholders about their roles in the REDD + process, completing and legitimising the forest zoning plan, addressing loopholes in environmental assessment regulations, and alleviating inconsistencies in land-use rules. These instruments would be reinforced with an economic tool internalising carbon costs in projects generating forest emissions.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analysed during the current study include legislations, policies, reports, and interviews. All legal and policy documents as well as government reports are publicly available and can be provided by the corresponding author upon request. Interview data are not publicly available; disclosing them risks breaching participants confidentiality.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is part of a PhD study funded by the UK Commonwealth Scholarship Commission. Co-authors were funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) [grant ES/K006576/1] from the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (CCCEP) and by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) [grant CCE6510500-NOR114-JL3] as part of the Global Comparative Study on REDD+. We gratefully acknowledge the pandemic support grants from the Sustainability Research Institute (SRI) of the University of Leeds. We are grateful to all interviewees and to Firmin Tandjong Kakeu for facilitating access to research participants.

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  1. Sustainability Research Institute (SRI), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

    Josiane Gakou-Kakeu & Monica Di Gregorio

  2. Center for Climate Change Economics and Policy (CCCEP), Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

    Jouni Paavola

  3. Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Central Africa Regional Office, Yaounde, Cameroon

    Denis Jean Sonwa

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We declare this manuscript is original, has not been published before, and is not currently considered for publication elsewhere. We have no known competing financial interests that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The credit taxonomy is as follows: J.G.-K. Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigations, Data curation, Writing original draft. M. Di G. Supervision. J.P. Supervision. D.J.S. Supervision.

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Gakou-Kakeu, J., Di Gregorio, M., Paavola, J. et al. To what extent is REDD + integrated into land-use sectors driving deforestation? Insights from Cameroon. Environ Dev Sustain (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03791-z

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