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Understanding the intertwined nature of rising multiple risks in modern agriculture and food system

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Abstract

The current agriculture system has become complex and fragile in recent years. With an increase in population, the demand for food is increasing, but the resources such as arable land and water are limited, and clearing forest land for cultivation and over-extraction of groundwater are changing land-use patterns and depleting groundwater resources, which again are responsible for multiple risks in agriculture and food system. The limited land and water resources with increased global population and its demand for food have mainly stressed small farmers. The rising environment, social and economic risks such as crop disease outbreaks, climate risk causing natural hazards such as floods, famine, drought, exposure to chemicals, technology risks such as genetically modified crops, and biofuels, food demand disparities, demographic and dietary changes, financial risk, conflict and political unrest, biological diversity loss, psychological factors in long-term decision making, and emerging complexity within agriculture system network are the some of the examples of multiple risks faced by small farmers in developing nations. Understanding the link among multiple domains such as environment, soil and hydrology, science, technology, finance, psychology, nutrition, and relation and conflicts is vital to study the multiple risks associated with the agriculture system as these domains overlap. Thus, sustainable long-term solutions cannot be confined to a single discipline approach. Therefore, there is a need to understand the intertwined nature of multiple risks affecting farmers. First, the author emphasizes on understanding the interconnected nature of rising multiple risks in modern industrial agriculture and food system in terms of social, environmental, and economic dimensions, this understanding is crucial for sustainable agriculture policy framing. Second, providing policy implications that will help policy makers to develop legalize mechanism to reduce rising risk of hazards.

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This is a general/review article, and it doesn’t contain any scientific data. Any question/ inquires pertaining to the type of data or the attributes of datasets, can be directed to the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to CSIR-CSIO Chandigarh for providing the necessary infrastructure and support to carry out our work.

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  1. Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Priti Khatri, Prashant Kumar & Kaushlesh Singh Shakya

  2. CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Room No: T-207, Second Floor, Technology Block, CSIO, Chandigarh, 160030, India

    Priti Khatri, Prashant Kumar & Kaushlesh Singh Shakya

  3. School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Marios C. Kirlas

  4. National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India

    Kamal Kant Tiwari

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Khatri, P., Kumar, P., Shakya, K.S. et al. Understanding the intertwined nature of rising multiple risks in modern agriculture and food system. Environ Dev Sustain (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03638-7

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