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Dynamic linkages between globalization, human capital, and carbon dioxide emissions: empirical evidence from developing economies

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Abstract

This study examines the impact of human capital and globalization on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for a sample of 78 developing countries, from Asia, Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean, over the period from 1990 to 2016. As opposed to the existing studies in the literature, this study considers three types of globalization namely economic, social, and political globalization. The econometric analysis involves the use of the two-stage least squares-generalized method of moment method to account for endogeneity issues. The findings, overall, indicate that human capital development decreases CO2 emissions in developing countries across all regions. In contrast, social globalization increases CO2 emissions in all developing countries. Moreover, the empirical results also reveal that political globalization boosts CO2 emissions in the Latin American and Caribbean region, but helps to curb CO2 emissions in Asia, Africa, and in overall panel. Additionally, economic globalization significantly reduces CO2 emissions in the Latin American and Caribbean region but increases CO2 emissions in Asia, Africa, and in overall panel countries. Furthermore, human capital and globalization (in all three forms) jointly boost CO2 emissions. Hence, in line with this major finding, we recommend that the globalization policies should also incorporate the human capital development agenda of the developing countries in order to comprehensively tackle the aggravation of CO2 emissions.

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Notes

  1. To further detect the presence of multicollinearity issues, we also conducted the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) analysis for all our models and the found that the values to be less than 10 which indicate that the models do not suffer from multicollinearity concerns. For ensuring brevity we do not report them but the VIF analysis outputs can be made available upon request.

  2. We have also estimated models 2–5 for the African, LAC, and Asian sub-panels. However, since the findings are more or less homogeneous for the sub-samples only the findings in the context of the full panel are reported for ensuring brevity. The findings for the subpanels can be made available upon request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Economics, Hainan University, Haikou City, 570228, Hainan, China

    Atif Jahanger

  2. Institute of Open Economy, Haikou City, 570228, Hainan province, China

    Atif Jahanger

  3. School of Economics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China

    Bo Yang

  4. Department of Economics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA

    Wei-Chiao Huang

  5. School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh

    Muntasir Murshed

  6. Department of Journalism, Media and Communications, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Muntasir Murshed

  7. Institute for Region and Urban-Rural Development, and Center for Industrial Development and Regional Competitiveness, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China

    Muhammad Usman

  8. Department of Finance, Accounting and Economics, University of Pitesti, 110040, Pitesti, Romania

    Magdalena Radulescu

  9. Institute for Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Studies, University “Lucian Blaga” Sibiu, Bd. Victoriei, no.10, Sibiu, Romania

    Magdalena Radulescu

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  1. Atif Jahanger
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  2. Bo Yang
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  3. Wei-Chiao Huang
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  4. Muntasir Murshed
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  5. Muhammad Usman
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Table 8 List of developing economies included in the study
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Jahanger, A., Yang, B., Huang, WC. et al. Dynamic linkages between globalization, human capital, and carbon dioxide emissions: empirical evidence from developing economies. Environ Dev Sustain 25, 9307–9335 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02437-w

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