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Environmental efficiency under weak disposability: an improved super efficiency data envelopment analysis model with application for assessment of port operations considering NetZero

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Abstract

Because port operations have rapidly been extending, air pollution resulted from ports has been increased and become a persistent concern for environmentalist and policy makers. The objective of this paper is to measure the environmental efficiency of ports in Korea. The main characteristic of the environmental efficiency assessment problem is that undesirable output of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and exogenous fixed input of the terminal area of ports should concurrently be considered. By analysing the impacts of the exogenous fixed input and undesirable outputs on decision making units (DMUs) performance, a super efficiency slacks-based measure in data envelopment analysis (SE-SBM-DEA) approach is proposed. The proposed approach consists of two models: slacks-based measure (SBM) model and super efficiency SBM (SE-SBM) model. The models effectively discriminate between efficient and inefficient ports, and rank their efficiencies. To restrict any decreases or increases in the fixed input levels, the slacks of fixed inputs are removed from the target functions and their relevant constraints of the proposed approach. In addition, the undesirable outputs are formulated according to the weak disposability assumption, so that they can only be reduced with the reduction of certain desirable outputs. Hence, its slack should also be removed from the SBM and SE-SBM models. As a result, the scalar measures of the models only deal with the discretionary inputs and desirable outputs of a DMU being evaluated. We examine the applicability of the proposed approach, using real data, for 19 ports in Korea.

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Data availability statement

The dataset generated during and/or analysed during this paper were retrieved from the efficiency study conducted by Chang (2013) at https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2013.797119.

Notes

  1. The term refers to the reduction of any additional amounts of inputs that can probably occur without any reductions in outputs.

  2. The term refers to the undesirable outputs cannot freely be reduced unless certain desirable outputs can proportionally be decreased. The categorization of the disposability assumption, whether weak disposability or strong disposability, mostly depends on the nature of considered applications (Liu et al., 2010). It also named the polluting technology in Färe et al. (2005).

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2019/STG06/UUM/03/1), Universiti Utara Malaysia. The authors would like to thank Professor Luc Hens, The Editor-in-Chief of Environment, Development and Sustainability and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. As results this paper has been improved substantially.

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  1. College of Administration and Economics, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq

    Mushtaq Taleb

  2. Institute of Strategic Industrial Decision Modelling (ISIDM), School of Quantitative Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 UUM, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia

    Ruzelan Khalid & Razamin Ramli

  3. Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

    Ali Emrouznejad

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Taleb, M., Khalid, R., Emrouznejad, A. et al. Environmental efficiency under weak disposability: an improved super efficiency data envelopment analysis model with application for assessment of port operations considering NetZero. Environ Dev Sustain 25, 6627–6656 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02320-8

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