Abstract
The biochemical parameters (i.e. chlorophyll and nitrogen content) of crops are essential to evaluate the health status and to monitor crop growth. The incorporation of near-proximal sensor data with satellite data has offered a new angle for rapid, detailed, and reliable assessment of crop biochemical parameters. This study aimed to utilize the higher spatial and spectral resolution of Sentinel-2A multi-spectral instrument (MSI) satellite data in conjunction with near-proximal sensor data to derive the chlorophyll (Chl) content and nitrogen balance index (NBI) of paddy at different growth stages during the monsoon season (2017) in Ranchi district, Jharkhand. The key findings revealed that the satellite-derived Chl content and NBI of paddy were overestimated as compared to the field-based measurements. The correlations between satellite-derived and empirical model-based Chl content and NBI of paddy revealed a R2 of 0.92–0.99 (p < 0.001) at different growth stages. The Chl content was found higher (20–40 µg/cm2) during the peak growing stage of paddy and subsequently, it decreased (< 20 µg/cm2) by the start of the ripening stage. The root-mean-square error between the empirical model and satellite-based Chl content was from 7.7 to 8.5 µg/cm2. Thereby, it can be concluded that the MSI sensor with three red-edge bands along with visible and near-infrared has a virtuous capability to quantify the crop biochemical parameters. However, it needs a bias correction to derive Chl content/NBI accurately. The adopted methods of retrieving biochemical parameters at different growth stages would be beneficial for decision-makers in agriculture monitoring and can be incorporated in crop growth modelling and yield predictions.
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Forec-A (Dualex) user manual (http://www.dynamax.com/images/uploads/papers/Dualex_Manual.pdf).
In this study, we have used two main empirical formula for Chl and NBI estimation. For better understanding, empirical equation established by Delegido et al. (2010) was considered as satellite-based method, wherein linear equation developed from satellite data and proximal data was considered as empirical model-based method.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST) project Grant No. YSS/2015/000801. We sincerely thanks to European Space Agency (ESA) and mission scientists & principal investigators for making available the Sentinel-2A satellite data used in this research effort. Authors are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions which have certainly improved the overall quality of the manuscripts.
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BRP, AK, and AKR conceived, designed research, analysed data, and wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the current version of the manuscript for publication.
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Parida, B.R., Kushwaha, A. & Ranjan, A.K. Synergy of Sentinel-2A and Near-proximal sensor data for deriving biochemical parameters of paddy at different growth stages. Environ Dev Sustain 24, 1048–1068 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01482-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01482-1