Abstract
The literature review has revealed the critical role of local residents in ongoing tourism development. The present paper investigates the perceptions of the Greek local population toward tourism development and their engagement in participatory opportunities in a case study of a Greek protected area. According to the results, the respondents have not fully understood the meaning of the protected area. They pay particular attention to activities related to business and economic development, derived from the activities which are proposed as necessary for tourism development. Furthermore, the study shows the weak engagement of the respondents in participatory opportunities which is related to the demographic characteristics of them, as well as to the factors related to economic benefits and environment. However, residents support the need for a new scheme where local population will actively participate in the decision-making process. The supporting role of local authorities is likely to be one of the main factors affecting residents’ intention to engage in participatory opportunities.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andereck, K. L., Valentine, K. M., Knopf, R. C., & Vogt, C. A. (2005). Residents’ perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 1056–1076.
Andriotis, K., & Vaughan, R. D. (2003). Urban residents’ attitudes toward tourism development: The case of Crete. Journal of Travel Research, 42, 172–185.
Ap, J. (1992). Residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(4), 665–690.
Apostolopoulou, E., & Pantis, J. D. (2009). Conceptual gaps in the national strategy for the implementation of the European Natura 2000 conservation policy in Greece. Biological Conservation, 142, 221–237.
Bennett, N., Lemelin, R. H., Koster, R., & Budke, I. (2012). A capital assets framework for appraising and building capacity for tourism development in aboriginal protected area gateway communities. Tourism Management, 33(4), 752–766.
Biotourism Prespa—Korca. http://www.cbc-biotourism-portal.eu/page.php?id=9. Accessed 26 June 2014.
Boudreaux, K. (2008). A new call of the wild: community-based natural resource management in Namibia. Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, 5(1), 313–314.
Bovarnick, A., & Gupta, A. (2003). Local business for global biodiversity conservation: Improving the design of small business development strategies in biodiversity projects. New York, NY: United Nations Development Programme.
Chape, S., Spalding, M., & Jenkins, M. D. (2008). The world’s protected areas: Status, values and prospects in the 21st century. Prepared by the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, USA: University of California Press.
Choi, H. C., & Sirakaya, E. (2005). Measuring residents’ attitude toward sustainable tourism: Development of sustainable tourism attitude scale. Journal of Travel Research, 43, 380–394.
Christopoulou, O., & Trizoni, E. (2005). Planning of human activities based on views of local communities in protected areas: The case of mountain Pelion, Greece. Department of Planning and Regional Development, School of Engineering, University of Thessaly. http://www.prd.uth.gr/research/DP/2005/uth-prd-dp-2005-9_en.pdf. Discussion paper series 11, 141–162.
Dimitrakopoulos, P. G., Jones, N., Losifides, T., Florokapi, I., Lasda, O., Paliouras, F., et al. (2010). Local attitudes on protected areas: Evidence from three Natura 2000 wetland sites in Greece. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(9), 1847–1854.
Drake, S. (1991). Local participation in ecotourism projects. In T. Whelan (Ed.), Nature tourism: Managing for the environment (pp. 132–163). Washington: Island Press.
Durrant, J. O., & Shumway, J. M. (2004). Attitudes toward wilderness study areas: A survey of six Southeastern Utah countries. Environmental Management, 33, 271–283.
Eadington, W. R., & Smith, V. L. (1992). Introduction: The emergence of alternative forms of tourism. In V. L. Smith & W. R. Eadington (Eds.), Tourism alternatives: Potentials and problems in the development of Tourism (pp. 1–12). Chichester: Wiley.
Eben, M. (2007). Public participation during site selections for Natura 2000 in Germany: The Bavarian case. In S. Stoll-Kleemann & M. Welp (Eds.), Stakeholder dialogues in natural resources management (pp. 261–278). New York: Springer.
Faasen, H., & Watts, S. (2007). Local community reaction to the “no-take” policy on fishing in the Tsitsikama National Park, South Africa. Ecological Economics, 64, 36–46.
Fallon, L. D., & Kriwoken, L. K. (2003). Community involvement in tourism infrastructure: The case of the Strahan Visitor Centre, Tasmania. Tourism Management, 24, 289–308.
Gerhardinger, L. C., Godoy, E. A. S., & Jones, P. J. S. (2009). Local ecological knowledge and the management of marine protected areas in Brazil. Ocean and Coastal Management, 52, 154–165.
Gursoy, D., Jurowski, C., & Uysal, M. (2002). Resident attitudes: A structural modeling approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 29, 79–105.
Hall, C. M. (2011). A typology of governance and its implications for tourism policy analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(4–5), 437–457.
Hall, C. M., & Page, S. P. (2006). The geography of tourism and recreation. London: Abingdon.
Hewlett, D., & Edwards, J. (2013). Beyond prescription: Community engagement in the planning and management of national parks as tourist destinations. Tourism Planning and Development, 10(1), 45–63.
Hiedanpaa, J. (2005). The edges of conflict and consensus: A case for creativity in regional forest policy in Southwest Finland. Ecological Economics, 55, 485–498.
IUCN. http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/. Accessed 26 June 2014.
Jones, S. (2005). CBET the significance of social capital. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2), 303–324.
Kim, K., Uysal, M., & Sirgy, M. J. (2013). How does tourism in a community impact the quality of life of community residents? Tourism Management, 36, 527–540.
Ko, D., & Stewart, W. (2002). A structural equation model of residents’ attitudes for tourism development. Tourism Management, 25, 521–530.
Langholz, J. (1999). Exploring the effects of alternative income opportunities on rainforest use: Insights from Guatemala’s Maya Biosphere Reserve. Society and Natural Resources, 12, 139–149.
Lee, T. H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, 37–46.
Leksakundilok, A. (2006). Community participation in ecotourism development in Thailand. Geosciences: University of Sydney.
Li, W. (2006). Community decision making participation in development. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(1), 132–143.
Lindberg, K., Enriquez, J., & Sproule, K. (1996). Ecotourism questioned: Case studies from Belize. Annals of Tourism Research, 23, 543–562.
Liu, J., Qu, H., Huang, D., Chen, G., Yue, X., Zhao, X., et al. (2014). The role of social capital in encouraging residents’ pro-environmental behaviors in community-based ecotourism. Tourism Management, 41, 190–201.
McClanahan, T. R., Marnane, M. J., Cinner, J. E., & Kiene, W. E. (2006). A comparison of Marine Protected Areas and alternative approached to coral-reed management. Current Biology, 16, 1408–1413.
McGahey, S. (2012). The ethics, obligations, and stakeholders of ecotourism marketing. Intellectual Economics, 6(2), 75–88.
Mitchell, R., & Reid, D. (2001). Community integration: Island tourism in Peru. Annals of Tourism Research, 28, 113–139.
Mohammadi, M., Khalifah, Z., & Hosseini, M. H. (2010). Local community attitudes toward social and economic impacts of tourism: A case study of Bisotun, Iran. World Applied Sciences Journal, 11(9), 1170–1176.
Moscardo, G. (2011). Exploring social representations of tourism planning: Issues for governance. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(4–5), 423–436.
Municipality of Prespa. http://www.prespes.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=87&Itemid=486. Accessed 10 Dec 2013.
Murphy, P. E. (1985). Tourism: A community approach. London, England: Methuen.
Nicholas, L., Thapa, B., & Ko, Y. J. (2009). Residents’ perspectives of a World Heritage Site: The Pitons Management Area. St. Lucia. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(3), 390–412.
Oikonomou, Z. S., & Dikou, A. (2008). Integrating conservation and development at the National Marine Park of Alonissos, Northern Sporades, Greece: Perception and practice. Environmental Management, 42, 847–866.
Papageorgiou, K., & Vogiatzakis, I. N. (2006). Nature protection in Greece: An appraisal of the factors shaping integrative conservation and policy effectiveness. Environmental Science & Policy, 9, 476–486.
Papatheodorou, A., Rosselló, J., & Xiao, H. (2010). Global economic crisis and tourism: Consequences and perspectives. Journal of Travel Research, 49(1), 39–45.
Pipinos, G., & Fokiali, P. (2009). An assessment of the attitudes of the inhabitants of Northern Karpathos, Greece: Towards a framework for ecotourism development in environmentally sensitive areas. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 11, 655–675.
Presenza, A., Del Chiappa, G., & Sheehan, L. (2013). Residents’ engagement and local tourism governance in maturing beach destinations. Evidence from an Italian case study. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2, 22–30.
Sdrali, D., & Chazapi, K. (2007). Cultural tourism in a Greek insular community: The residents’ perspective. Tourismos. An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, 2(2), 61–75.
Sebele, L. S. (2010). Community-based tourism ventures, benefits and challenges: Khama Rhino Sanctuary Trust, Central District, Botswana. Tourism Management, 31, 136–146.
Sheldon, P., & Abenoja, T. (2001). Resident attitudes in a mature destination: the case of Waikiki. Tourism Management, 22, 435–443.
Simpson, M. C. (2008). Community benefit tourism initiatives: A conceptual oxymoron? Tourism Management, 29, 1–18.
Society for the Protection of Prespa. http://www.spp.gr/spp/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1&lang=en. Accessed 10 December 2013.
Szell, A. B., & Hallett, L. F, I. V. (2013). Attitudes and perceptions of local residents and tourists toward the protected area of Retezat National Park, Romania. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(3), 45–61.
Teye, V., Sirakaya, E., & Sönmez, S. (2002). Residents’ attitudes toward tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 29, 668–688.
Tosun, C. (2000). Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries. Tourism Management, 21, 613–633.
Trakolis, D. (2001a). Perceptions, preferences, and reactions of local inhabitants in Vikos-Aoos National Park, Greece. Environmental Management, 28, 665–676.
Trakolis, D. (2001b). Local people’s perceptions of planning and management issues in Prespes Lakes National Park, Greece. Journal of Environmental Management, 61, 227–241.
Tran, L., & Walter, P. (2014). Ecotourism, gender and development in northern Vietnam. Annals of Tourism Research, 44, 116–130.
UNEP and WTO. (2005). Making tourism more sustainable. United Nations Environment Programs and World Tourism Organization: A guide for policy makers.
Wang, H., Yang, Z., Chen, L., Yang, J., & Li, R. (2010). Minority community participation in tourism: A case of Kanas Tuva villages in Xinjiang, China. Tourism Management, 31, 759–764.
Weaver, D., & Lawton, L. (2001). Resident perceptions in the urban–rural fringe. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(2), 439–458.
Williams, J., & Lawson, R. (2001). Community issues and resident opinions of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(2), 269–290.
Wunder, S. (2000). Ecotourism and economic incentives: An empirical approach. Ecological Economics, 32(3), 465–479.
Xu, J., Chen, L., Lu, Y., & Fu, B. (2006). Local people’s perceptions as decision support for protected area management in Wolong Biosphere Reserve. Journal of Environmental Management, 78, 362–372.
Yeoman, I., Brass, D., & McMahon-Beattie, U. (2007). Current issue in tourism: The authentic tourist. Tourism Management, 28, 1128–1138.
Zhang, H. Q., Leung, V., & Qu, H. (2007). A refined model of factors affecting convention participation decision-making. Tourism Management, 28, 1123–1127.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sdrali, D., Goussia-Rizou, M. & Kiourtidou, P. Residents’ perception of tourism development as a vital step for participatory tourism plan: a research in a Greek protected area. Environ Dev Sustain 17, 923–939 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-014-9573-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-014-9573-2