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Estimating Field Volatility of Soil Fumigants Using CHAIN_2D: Mitigation Methods and Comparison Against Chloropicrin and 1,3-Dichloropropene Field Observations

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Abstract

Academic, government, and industrial field researchers have generated a significant database of field studies of the volatility of soil applied fumigants. However, limited work exists in validating physical models against field volatility data sets and fully exploring the volatility parametric response surface. Field studies quantifying atmospheric flux for soil fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin are validated against the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA Salinity Laboratory) soil physics model CHAIN_2D that was modified specifically for agronomic uses of soil fumigants. Comparison between model predictions and field observations for six unique field trials in five different states indicate that CHAIN_2D effectively captures the magnitude and duration of fumigant emission from soil observed experimentally with r 2 ∼ 0.14–0.96 (avg. 0.66) for peak emission, and r 2 ∼ 0.76–1.0 (avg. 0.91) for cumulative emissions (r equals the Pearson moment correlation coefficient). Correct prediction magnitudes suggest that CHAIN_2D is a useful tool for extrapolating flux predictions to diverse scenarios not addressed by field trials. Examples of mitigation strategies such as the use of agricultural films (tarps), increased soil injection depth, and management of soil water content, under near semi-infinite parameter combinations of soil, meteorological, and agronomic properties are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank DAS colleague Bruce Houtman who was instrumental in allocating management support and having the vision for mechanistic modeling’s role as a supplement to experiment. Members of the chloropicrin manufacturing taskforce require thanks (most notably Steve Wilhelm and Sara Beth Watson) for technical and travel support to various conferences and public meetings, and to numerous USEPA scientists, led by Jeff Dawson, who provided feedback/review for the interface and code functionality and critical use of the numerical tool in a regulatory setting.

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  1. DowAgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Bldg 306/A2, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA

    S. A. Cryer & I. J. van Wesenbeeck

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  1. S. A. Cryer
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  2. I. J. van Wesenbeeck
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Correspondence to S. A. Cryer.

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Cryer, S.A., van Wesenbeeck, I.J. Estimating Field Volatility of Soil Fumigants Using CHAIN_2D: Mitigation Methods and Comparison Against Chloropicrin and 1,3-Dichloropropene Field Observations. Environ Model Assess 15, 309–318 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-009-9208-4

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