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Application of System Dynamics on Shallow Multipurpose Artificial Lakes: A Case Study of Detention Pond at Tainan, Taiwan

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Abstract

This study designs a multipurpose urban shallow artificial lake, including water supply, flood detention, and water environment preservation. It is expected to not only preserve a healthy water environment but to also retain water conservation and flood detention. This study adopts system dynamics (SD) to analyze the relationship between different purposes of water resources utilization. Furthermore, different operation strategies effects can be simulated by SD through a proposed urban multipurpose shallow artificial lake system. The results demonstrate the dynamic effects of strategies managers propose such as demand analysis, inflow control, and water quality improvement in this case study for Taiwan. SD aids lake system prediction and understanding temporally in sequential planning for water supply, environmental preservation, and flood detention. The SD model will hopefully serve as a reference to study different features before artificial lakes constructing.

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Acknowledgments

Wallace Institute was appreciated for its editorial assistance. This study was supported by Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan, R. O. C. The authors would like to thank Prof. HJ Lin, Dr. HC Su, Dr. CC Yang, CC Ho, anonymous reviewers and helpers.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering Department, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan

    Hone-Jay Chu, Yu-Pin Lin & Yung-Chieh Wang

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 TA Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan

    Liang-Cheng Chang & Yu-Wen Chen

Authors
  1. Hone-Jay Chu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hone-Jay Chu.

Appendices

Appendix 1. Model Parameter Value in Water Supply and Flood Detention

Symbol

Definition

Value

Unit

CN

Soil conservation service curve number

88

 

Lake_area

Lake area

50,000

m2

Watershed_Area

Watershed area

1,000,000

m2

Maintain_eco

Eco-suitable depth

0.3

m

Maintain_land

Landscape-suitable depth

1

m

Infi_rate

Infiltration rate

0.15

m/day

Infi_area

Infiltration area

2,000

m2

Max_S

Maximum storage

100,000

m3

Max_Capacity

Maximum detention capacity

100,000

m3

ω

Ration factor

0.8

 

Appendix 2. Model Parameter Value in Environmental Conservation

Symbol

Definition

Value

Unit

Alpha

Light extinction coefficient of water

0.25

 

Beta

Light extinction coefficient of phytoplankton

0.18

 

LightMin

The minimum light intensity

500

kcal/m2

LightMax

The maximum light intensity

4500

kcal/m2

MyMax

Maximum growth rate of phytoplankton

1.5

 

KP

Monod constant of phosphorous uptake

0.2

 

Appendix 3. Model Indicators

  1. 1.

    The water supply indicator is represented by the shortage index (SI) proposed by the US Army Corps of Engineers as [8, 9]:

$$ \text{SI} = \frac{100}{N} \times \sum\limits_{i = 1}^N {\left( {\frac{{\text{Sh}_i }}{{T_i }}} \right)^2 } $$
(C-1)

where N is number of periods; Sh i is volume shortage during period i; and T i is target demand during the period i.

  1. 2.

    The environmental conservation index adopts trophic category (TC). Table 4 lists the trophic category with total phosphorus (TP), defined by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [15].

    Table 4 OECD management limits for TP
    Full size table
  2. 3.

    The detention efficiency (DE) indicator in flood event is represented as:

$$ \text{DE} = \frac{{Q_p - Q_{\text{pb}} }}{{Q_{\text{p} } }} \times 100\% $$
(C-2)

where Qp is peak flow without building the lake and Qpb is peak flow with building the lake.

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Chu, HJ., Chang, LC., Lin, YP. et al. Application of System Dynamics on Shallow Multipurpose Artificial Lakes: A Case Study of Detention Pond at Tainan, Taiwan. Environ Model Assess 15, 211–221 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-009-9196-4

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