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Integrated Ambient and Microenvironment Model for Estimation of PM10 Exposures of Children in Annual and Episode Settings

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Abstract

Particulate matter air pollution is estimated to cause in the order of 350,000 excess deaths in the European Union calling for policy development and evaluation tools. In the current work, a model for PM10 exposures of children is developed using microenvironment time activities and infiltration of ambient pollution indoors, both evaluated against observations earlier and integrated with city-wide air quality models in the current work. The model is demonstrated using data from two cities in Italy. High-end short-term exposures are characterized by an episode-day situation in Turin, and annual mean exposures in downtown Bologna. The air quality model was unable to capture the highest levels during the episode, and therefore, the exposure model was adjusted using observed–modeled ratio from a monitoring station. Air quality model performance for the annual levels was significantly better. Annual exposure variability within the target population was 1.5-fold in the downtown area Bologna and tenfold during the episode day in Turin.

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Notes

  1. http://fumapex.dmi.dk (accessed December 2007) section “Reports.” Deliverables D7.3 and D7.4 present the exposure modeling details, and D8.2 summarizes the air-quality modeling systems based on technical reports D1–D6 from previous work packages.

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Acknowledgment

The authors want to express their gratitude to the colleagues that have contributed to the development of the air quality information systems and models run that the current work is based on, especially Cinzia Cascone, ARPA Piemonte, Sandro Finardi, Alessio Dallura, Arianet Consulting, Marco Deserti, Linda Passoni, Vanes Polluzzi, ARPA Emilia-Romagna, and Hydro Meteorological Service (ARPA-SIM), Bologna. This work has been supported by the European Commission under the FP5 EESD program Key Action City of Tomorrow (FUMAPEX; contract no. EVK4-CT-2002-00097) and intramural funding by the participating institutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Public Health Institute (KTL), P.O. Box 95, 70701, Kuopio, Finland

    Otto Hänninen & Matti Jantunen

  2. Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention in Emilia-Romagna, Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

    Stefano Zauli-Sajani & Paolo Lauriola

  3. Piedmont Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Area, Piemonte, Italy

    Roberta De Maria

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  1. Otto Hänninen
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  2. Stefano Zauli-Sajani
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  3. Roberta De Maria
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  4. Paolo Lauriola
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  5. Matti Jantunen
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Correspondence to Otto Hänninen.

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Hänninen, O., Zauli-Sajani, S., De Maria, R. et al. Integrated Ambient and Microenvironment Model for Estimation of PM10 Exposures of Children in Annual and Episode Settings. Environ Model Assess 14, 419–429 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-008-9141-y

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