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Biogenic synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Spilanthes acmella: antioxidation potential and adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions

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Abstract

The sequestration of contaminants from wastewater, such as heavy metals, has become a major global issue. Multiple technologies have been developed to address this issue. Nanotechnology is attracting significant interest as a new technology, and numerous nanomaterials have been produced for sequestrating heavy metals from polluted water due to their superior properties arising from the nanoscale effect. This study reports biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs) and their applications for adsorptive sequestration of various metal ions from aqueous solutions. Biosynthesis of IO-NPs has been carried out by using leaf extract of Spilanthes acmella, a medicinal plant. FTIR analysis of the leaf extract and biosynthesized IO-NPs marked the role of various functional groups in biosynthesis of IO-NPs. FESEM analysis revealed the average size range of IO-NPs as 50 to 80 nm, while polydisperse nature was confirmed by DLS analysis. EDX analysis revealed the presence of Fe, O, and C atoms in the elemental composition of the NPs. The antioxidant potential of the biosynthesized IO-NPs (IC50 = 136.84 µg/mL) was confirmed by DPPH assay. IO-NPs were also used for the adsorptive removal of As3+, Co2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions with process optimization at an optimized pH (7.0) using dosage of IO-NPs as 0.6 g/L (As3+ and Co2+) and 0.8 g/L (Cd2+ and Cu2+). Adsorption isotherm analysis revealed the maximum adsorption efficiency for As3+ (21.83 mg/g) followed by Co2+ (20.43 mg/g), Cu2+ (15.29 mg/g), and Cd2+ (13.54 mg/g) using Langmuir isotherm model. The biosynthesized IO-NPs were equally efficient in the simultaneous sequestration of these heavy metal ions signifying their potential as effective nanoadsorbents.

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Acknowledgements

Sincere thanks are due to Rayat Bahra University, Chandigarh, for all the research facilities.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, USS, Rayat-Bahra University, Chandigarh, 140104, India

    Rajat Sharma & Manoj Bali

  2. Department of Applied Sciences, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida (UP), 201310, India

    Rajni Garg

  3. Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

    Nnabuk O. Eddy

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Rajat Sharma: Conceptualisation, investigation, writing-original draft; Rajni Garg: Formal analysis, methodology, writing-original draft; Manoj Bali: supervision, resources, validation; Nnabuk Okon Eddy: Writing-review & editing, validation.

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Sharma, R., Garg, R., Bali, M. et al. Biogenic synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Spilanthes acmella: antioxidation potential and adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1345 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11860-z

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