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Comparative assessment of remote sensing–based water dynamic in a dam lake using a combination of Sentinel-2 data and digital elevation model

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Abstract

Monitoring and determining the amount of water in reservoirs is of great importance in terms of water planning and management. This study proposes a geographic information system (GIS)-based methodology to estimate the water volume changes in water reservoirs. Two specific methods are proposed using Australian National University’s Digital Elevation Model (ANUDEM) raster surface and Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) surface models, both utilizing normalized difference water index (NDWI) of Sentinel 2A satellite images for water-covered area and coastline and digital elevation model (DEM) for 3D modelling of the reservoir. The most crucial part of this study is the comprehensive evaluation of the model findings considering hydrological, meteorological and anthropogenic factors, simultaneously. Application of the proposed methods is provided for the analysis of the multi-temporal water volume changes of Bayramiç Dam Lake (Çanakkale, Turkey) in two hydrological periods covering the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 water years. The results indicate that the TINS model produced water volume values much closer to the in situ Turkish General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI) values than the ANUDEM model. The performance of these methods was also assessed by the temporal dynamics of surface hydrological processes. Regarding the water storage dynamics, hydro-meteorological factors influence the water input, while anthropogenic factors strongly influence the water output. Water consumption for irrigation and electricity generation was found to be the most important water budget components of the total water consumption.

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Data availability

The hydrological, meteorological and topographic data that support the findings of this study are available from the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works, the Turkish State Meteorological Service and the General Directorate of National Mapping, respectively, but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of the listed institutions above. The sattellite data, Sentinel, used during this research is openly available from the European Space Agency at https://scihub.copernicus.eu/dhus/#/home.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Turkish State Meteorological Service for the meteorological data, the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works for dam management data, the European Space Agency for Sentinel satellite images and the General Directorate of National Mapping for the topographic map.

Funding

The Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University provided funding support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mines, Department of Geological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey

    Muhittin Karaman

  2. Faculty of Architecture & Design, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020, Canakkale, Turkey

    Emre Özelkan

  3. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Risk Management of Natural Disasters Program, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020, Canakkale, Turkey

    Emre Özelkan

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  1. Muhittin Karaman
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Contributions

MK: conceptualization; methodology; software; validation; formal analysis; investigation; data curation; visualization; writing — original draft, review and editing, supervision. EÖ: conceptualization; validation; formal analysis; investigation; data curation; visualization; writing – original draft, review and editing, supervision; funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Muhittin Karaman.

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Highlights

• The consistency of the dam volume with the measured in situ volume shows that the Sentinel-2A images provide appropriate data for determining the temporal changes in the dam volume.

• It is easier to calculate the water volume using the proposed methodology which comprise continuous monitoring of the dam with satellite images and the underwater topography data before dam construction.

• Regarding the dam volume dynamics, hydro-meteorological factors influence the input parameters, while anthropogenic factors strongly influence the output parameters.

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Karaman, M., Özelkan, E. Comparative assessment of remote sensing–based water dynamic in a dam lake using a combination of Sentinel-2 data and digital elevation model. Environ Monit Assess 194, 92 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09703-w

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