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Development of environmental effects monitoring protocol in Brazil: a fish guide study of three river estuaries

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Abstract

In Brazil, there are no unified and effective environmental monitoring models for bodies of water. Thus, several methodologies are used that result in information that is often difficult to compare, especially for stakeholders involved in regional water management. Studies in some countries such as Australia, Chile, the USA, and Sweden use the monitoring model implemented in Canada that was developed in the early 1990s. This model was designed to evaluate whether the current environmental regulations are sufficiently protective for pulp and paper effluents and for metal mining effluents. In this study, the Canadian Environmental Effects Monitoring methodologies were applied to three different Brazilian river basins, with the goal of constructing a framework for monitoring environmental effects. Pilot studies were carried out in the estuarine regions of the Benevente, Jucu, and Santa Maria da Vitória river basins, which are important rivers in the state of Espírito Santo. Evaluations included fish health, bioaccumulation studies, benthic invertebrate survey, and physical-chemical analyses of water and sediment. The quality of the environments was evaluated by means of seasonal samplings and comparisons between discharge, upstream, and downstream areas. This study made it possible to identify appropriate fish species to be used in environmental effects monitoring and the environmental quality of the rivers themselves as well as knowledge and policy gaps to implement such monitoring programs in Brazil. The study raises questions about the adequacy of Brazilian environmental legislation concerning tidal rivers.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the valuable assistance of the Canadian River Institute, the Watershed Committees of Jucu and Benevente Rivers, the Fishermen’s Colonies of Anchieta and Vitória, the State Institute of Environment and Water Resources (IEMA), the Instituto Terra, the NGO Espírito Santo Em Ação, the Espírito Santo State Government, the Municipal Governments of Anchieta, Guarapari, Vila Velha and Vitória, the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (SEBRAE), and the Universities of Vila Velha and New Brunswick for the completion of this project.

Funding

The authors recognize the financial support of The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq (Process Number 48802/2013-3) and the companies ArcelorMittal, Cesan, Samarco, and Vale.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Rua Andre Araujo, 2936, Petrópolis Manaus, BR, 69067-375, Brazil

    Priscylla da Mata Pavione

  2. Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espirito Santo, BR-101, Brazil

    Karla Gonçalves da Costa

  3. Instituto Federal do Espirito Santo, Rua Augusto Costa de Oliveira, 660, Praia Doce, Piúma, Espirito Santo, 29285-000, Brazil

    Clayton Perônico & Thiago Hollanda Basilo

  4. Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada

    Mark E. McMaster, Joanne L. Parrott & L. Mark Hewitt

  5. Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada

    Kelly R. Munkittrick

  6. Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 - Goiabeiras, Vitória, Espirito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil

    Francisco Candido Cardoso Barreto

  7. Department of Earth, Ocean & Ecological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK

    Marcelo Paes Gomes

  8. APLYSIA Environmental Consulting, Rua Julia Lacourt Penna, 335, Jardim Camburi, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29090-210, Brazil

    Ricardo Wagner Reis Filho

  9. Instituto Aplysia, Rua Julia Lacourt Penna, 335, Jardim Camburi, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29090-210, Brazil

    Tatiana Heid Furley

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  1. Priscylla da Mata Pavione
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Correspondence to Ricardo Wagner Reis Filho.

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Ethical approval

The protocols of the study that involved the use of vertebrates were carried out according to the guidelines for the care and use of animals of CONCEA - National Council for Control of Animal Experimentation of the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.

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da Mata Pavione, P., da Costa, K.G., Perônico, C. et al. Development of environmental effects monitoring protocol in Brazil: a fish guide study of three river estuaries. Environ Monit Assess 191, 658 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7860-y

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