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Assessment of contamination, environmental risk, and origin of heavy metals in soils surrounding industrial facilities in Vojvodina, Serbia

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Abstract

Content of potentially toxic elements was examined in soils from Srem (Vojvodina), to evaluate industrial facilities as pollution sources. Based on the distribution of the elements, the results of sequential extraction, enrichment factor (EF), ecological risk factor (Er), ecological risk index (RI), and statistical analysis, the current ecological status of the soils was determined. Elements in soils around the industrial facilities can be grouped into the five significant components derived by the principal component analysis (PCA), which explains 78.435% of the total variance. Al, Fe and Mg, and K and Mn are associated with two lithogenic components, respectively. Anthropogenic origin is identified for Hg and Cd. Mixed sources, geogenic and anthropogenic, are identified within two PCA components; one wich includes As, Pb, B, Zn, and the other: K and Cr, Ni and Cu. Cluster analysis (CA) corroborated the results obtained by PCA. The preliminary results revealed that the soils studied in a vicinity of industrial facilities in Srem have been exposed to different degrees of pollution. Among the characterized studied elements, Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ni, and Cr are the main contaminants. Based on calculated EF, the studied soils show minor to severe enrichment with heavy metals. Ecological risk assessment results indicate that Cd and Hg carry the highest ecological risk level, and Zn and Cr the lowest.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to point out that this study was partly funded by the Provincial Secretariat for Energy and Mineral Resources. We would like to thank to Sandra Škrivanj, from Department of Analytical chemistry of Chemical Faculty for cooperation during ICP-OES instrumental analysis. Besides, the authors are very pleased to thank to Darko Spahić and Jovan Kovačević for useful advice and help, as well as the anonymous reviewer whose comments significantly improved the paper. Sanja Sakan thanks for the support of the Ministry of Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, grant nos. 172001 and 43007.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geological Survey of Serbia, Rovinjska, Belgrade, 12, Serbia

    Maja Poznanović Spahić, Željko Cvetković & Pavle Tančić

  2. Center of Excellence in Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, ICTM, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, 11158, Serbia

    Sanja Sakan

  3. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia

    Jelena Trifković & Dragan Manojlović

  4. Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, Serbia

    Zoran Nikić

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  1. Maja Poznanović Spahić
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Spahić, M.P., Sakan, S., Cvetković, Ž. et al. Assessment of contamination, environmental risk, and origin of heavy metals in soils surrounding industrial facilities in Vojvodina, Serbia. Environ Monit Assess 190, 208 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6583-9

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