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Levels of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead in fruits and vegetables grown and consumed in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

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Abstract

The levels of four metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) were evaluated in two fruit types (apricot and fig), a fruity vegetable (tomato), and three leafy vegetables (arugula, spinach, and lettuce) that are commonly grown and consumed in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was employed for quantification. The quality of results was checked by a certified reference material (NIST SRM 1570a). Good recovery values in the range of 87–104 % were achieved. Metals were quantified in washed and unwashed samples to evaluate the effect of washing. Statistically, no significant difference was noticed (p > 0.05), except for Zn in arugula and Cu in apricot and spinach. The levels of metals found in the analyzed fruits and vegetables were in their normal ranges in crops and not posing any serious risks to the consumers in Aseer Region. The toxic elements Pb and Cd were well below the maximum levels set in the Saudi and international food standards. Zn and Cu levels were comparable to the ranges reported in worldwide previous studies.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University under grant KKU-SCI-11-021.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed D. Y. Oteef, Khaled F. Fawy, Hisham S. M. Abd-Rabboh & Abubakr M. Idris

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 82817, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed D. Y. Oteef

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt

    Hisham S. M. Abd-Rabboh

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  1. Mohammed D. Y. Oteef
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  2. Khaled F. Fawy
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  3. Hisham S. M. Abd-Rabboh
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Correspondence to Mohammed D. Y. Oteef.

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Oteef, M.D.Y., Fawy, K.F., Abd-Rabboh, H.S.M. et al. Levels of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead in fruits and vegetables grown and consumed in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Environ Monit Assess 187, 676 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4905-8

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