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Bio-optic characterization of Discosphaera tubifer bloom occurs in an overcrowded fishing harbour at Veraval, India

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Abstract

Discosphaera tubifer, a coccolithophore has been first time reported as a bloom-forming organism from an over-crowded fishing harbour at Veraval, west coast of India. Physiochemical and optical parameters were measured following standard protocols. Average concentration of inorganic nutrients, such as NO2–N (17.26 ± 2.92 μM), NO3–N (643.80 ± 215.99 μM), PO4–P (74.10 ± 26.52 μM) and SiO3–Si (137.66 ± 25.83 μM) were recorded as very high at Veraval port as compared to other coastal stations i.e., 1.48 ± 0.66, 49.16 ± 13.73, 10.03 ± 5.31 and 96.23 ± 22.74 μM, respectively. The pH and salinity (‰) were observed to be low (7.80 ± 0.15 and 28.00 ± 4.54 ‰) as compared to coastal seawaters (8.34 ± 0.06 and 33.24 ± 2.32 ‰). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectral signature (absorbance and reflectance) study revealed that the bloom-forming organism was D. tubifer. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) study detected that chlorophyllide-a represent nearly 47.53 % of total pigment composition followed by chlorophyll c2 (27.40 %) and chlorophyll c3 (14.25 %). Four prominent absorption peaks were observed within 350 to 700 nm. The first peak was very wide and ranged from 350 to 530 nm and the rest of the three peaks ranged from 550 to 590, 590 to 650 and 650 to 690 nm, respectively. In case of reflection, three peaks appeared between 550 and 590, 590 and 630 and 630 and 670 nm. Nearly 100 % reflection was observed after 720 nm. The eutrophic condition of the port water along with low salinity and low pH might be the reason for D. tubifer bloom formation. This species-specific spectral signature of the D. tubifer bloom may be helpful for developing algorithm of remote sensing data analysis.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Space Application Centre (Indian Space Research Organisation), Ahmedabad for financial support. The Veraval port area map downloaded from the website of Google earth. The work has been carried out under SAC-CSMCRI collaborative project (GAP 1049). The authors are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which helped a lot to improve the manuscript. This paper is communicated by PRIS approval and the code is CSIR-CSMCRI - 101/2014.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Marine Algal Research Station, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mandapam Camp, Mandapam, Dist-Ramnathapuram, 623519, Tamil Nadu, India

    Subir Kumar Mandal & Ganesh Temkar

  2. Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India

    Vipul R. Patel

  3. Salt and Marine Chemicals Discipline, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India

    Basil M. George

  4. Marine Ecosystem Division, Marine Geo and Planetary Sciences Group, Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere, Planetary Sciences and Applications Area, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Jodhpur Tekra, Satellite Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 300015, India

    Mini Raman

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Mandal, S.K., Patel, V.R., Temkar, G. et al. Bio-optic characterization of Discosphaera tubifer bloom occurs in an overcrowded fishing harbour at Veraval, India. Environ Monit Assess 187, 597 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4798-6

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