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Oxidative stress, heats shock protein and histopathological effects in the gills of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus induced by bridge runoffs

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Abstract

This study assessed the level of oxidative stress and heat shock proteins (Hsp) induced in gills and liver as well as the histopathological effects in the gills of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, exposed to runoff water from the Third Mainland Bridge, the busiest bridge in the City of Lagos, Nigeria. The runoff was sampled off the bridge drainage, and the assessment of its physicochemical characteristics in both dry and rainy season indicated a high level of chemical and biological oxygen demand, oil and grease as well as manganese. After a preliminary acute toxicity evaluation, the juveniles of C. gariepinus were exposed to 5, 10, 15, 25, 50 and 100 % runoff samples for 30 days. The level of the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde, was significantly different from the control and increased serially with higher concentrations of effluent exposure. There was also an inhibition in the activities of enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as significantly lower levels of reduced glutathione after 30 days. Heat shock proteins induced in the catfishes over this period included proteases, sHsps, Hsp 40s, Hsp 60s (for all the fishes—control and exposed) and Hsp 70s (in the exposed fishes only). Histopathological assessments of the gills indicated that the major effects of the runoff exposures were mild to severe thickening and fusion of the gill lamellae, stunting of lamellae, erosion of outer epithelium, epithelial lifting, hyperplasia, oedema and aneurism. The implications of the findings in the Lagos lagoon fishes were discussed.

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Conflict of interest

The authors hereby affirm that all factors listed as potential conflicts of interest in the instruction to authors have been duly considered and there is no conflict of interest regarding this article. There was no funding from external sources for this study.

Ethical approval

All applicable international, national and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving fishes were in accordance with the ethical standards of the University of Lagos Committee on the use of animals and human subjects in scientific research.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all authors involved in this study. No human subjects were employed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecotoxicology and Conservation Unit, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria

    Nnamdi H. Amaeze & Rosemary O. Adeyemi

  2. Molecular and Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria

    Adeshina O. Adebesin

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  1. Nnamdi H. Amaeze
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  2. Rosemary O. Adeyemi
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Correspondence to Nnamdi H. Amaeze.

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Amaeze, N.H., Adeyemi, R.O. & Adebesin, A.O. Oxidative stress, heats shock protein and histopathological effects in the gills of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus induced by bridge runoffs. Environ Monit Assess 187, 172 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4390-0

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