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Atmospheric deposition studies of heavy metals in Arctic by comparative analysis of lichens and cryoconite

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Abstract

Lichens and cryoconite (rounded or granular, brownish-black debris occurring in holes on the glacier surface) from Ny-Ålesund were used for understanding the elemental deposition pattern in the area. Lichen samples collected from low-lying coastal region and cryoconite samples from high altitudinal glacier area were processed and analysed for elements such as aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cesium (Cs), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn) through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results showed that heavy metals, Al and Fe, are present in high concentration in the cryoconite samples. Al was also present in high amounts in seven of the eight lichen samples studied. The general scheme of elements in the decreasing order of their concentrations for most of the cryoconite samples was Al > Fe > Mn > Zn > V > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cu > Co > As > Cs > Cd while that for the lichen samples was Al > Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cs > Cr > Ni > V > Co > As > Cd. Similarity in trends in the two sample types confirms that the environment indeed contains these elements in that order of concentration which overtime got accumulated in the samples. Overall comparison showed most elements to be present in high concentrations in the cryoconite samples as compared to the lichen samples. Within the lichens, elemental accumulation data suggests that the low-lying site (L-2) from where Cladonia mediterranea sample was collected was the most polluted accumulating a number of elements at high concentrations. The probable reasons for such deposition patterns in the region could be natural (crustal contribution and sea salt spray) and anthropogenic (local and long-distance transmission of dust particles). In the future, this data can form a baseline for monitoring quantum of atmospheric heavy metal deposition in lichens and cryoconite of Svalbard, Arctic.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Shailesh Nayak, Secretary, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India for encouragement and research facilities. We are also thankful to The Director, National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India for analytical facilities. This is NCAOR publication No. 12/2012.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Vasco da Gama, Goa, 403804, India

    Shiv Mohan Singh, Puja Gawas-Sakhalkar, Simantini Naik, Shailesh M. Pedneker & Rasik Ravindra

  2. National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412307, India

    Jagdev Sharma & Ajay K. Upadhyay

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  1. Shiv Mohan Singh
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  2. Jagdev Sharma
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  3. Puja Gawas-Sakhalkar
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Correspondence to Shiv Mohan Singh.

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Singh, S.M., Sharma, J., Gawas-Sakhalkar, P. et al. Atmospheric deposition studies of heavy metals in Arctic by comparative analysis of lichens and cryoconite. Environ Monit Assess 185, 1367–1376 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2638-5

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