Skip to main content
Log in

Diel Cycling of Zinc in a Stream Impacted by Acid Rock Drainage: Initial Results from a New in situ Zn Analyzer

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recent work has demonstrated that many trace metals undergo dramatic diel (24-h) cycles in near neutral pH streams with metal concentrations reproducibly changing up to 500% during the diel period (Nimick et al., 2003). To examine diel zinc cycles in streams affected by acid rock drainage, we have developed a novel instrument, the Zn-DigiScan, to continuously monitor in situ zinc concentrations in near real-time. Initial results from a 3-day deployment at Fisher Creek, Montana have demonstrated the ability of the Zn-DigiScan to record diel Zn cycling at levels below 100 μg/l. Longer deployments of this instrument could be used to examine the effects of episodic events such as rainstorms and snowmelt pulses on zinc loading in streams affected by acid rock drainage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • August, E. E., McKnight, D. M., Hrncir, D. C., & Garhart, K. S. (2002). Seasonal variability of metals transport through a wetland impacted by mine drainage in the rocky mountains. Environmental Science & Technology, 36, 3779–3786.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brick, C. M., & Moore, J. N. (1996). Diel variation of trace metals in the upper Clark Fork river, Montana. Environmental Science & Technology, 30, 1953–1960.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, P. D., McKnight, D. M., & Bencala, K. E. (2001). Annual maxima in Zn concentrations during spring snowmelt in streams impacted by mine drainage. Environmental Geology, 40, 1447–1454.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buffle, J., & Tercier-Waeber, M. L. (2000). In in situ monitoring of aquatic systems: Chemical analysis and speciation. In J. Buffle & G. Horvai (Eds.), IUPAC series on analytical and physical chemistry of environmental systems, Vol. 6 (p. 279). West Sussex: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callahan, M. R., Kaltenbacher, E. A., & Byrne, R. H. (2004). In-situ measurements of Cu in an estuarine environment using a portable spectrophotometric analysis system. Environmental Science & Technology, 38, 587–593.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapin, T. P., Caffrey, J. M., Jannasch, H., Coletti, L., Haskins, J., & Johnson, K. S. (2004) Nitrate sources and sinks in Elkhorn Slough, CA: Results from long-term continuous in situ nitrate analyzers. Estuaries, 27, 882–894.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapin, T. P., Jannasch, H. W., & Johnson, K. S. (2002). In situ osmotic analyzer for the year-long continuous determination of Fe in hydrothermal systems. Analytica Chimica Acta, 463, 265–274.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapin, T. P., & Wanty, R. B. (2005) Development of a solenoid pump in-situ analyzer for continuous monitoring of zinc in aquatic systems. Analytica Chimica Acta, 543, 199–208.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coale, K. H., Chin, C. S., Massoth, G. J., Johnson, K. S., & Baker, E. T. (1991). In situ chemical mapping of dissolved iron and manganese in hydrothermal plumes. Nature, 352, 325–328.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gammons, C. H., Nimick, D. A., Parker, S. R., Cleasby, T. E., & McCleskey, R. B. (2005). Diel behavior of iron and other heavy metals in a mountain stream with acidic to neutral pH; Fisher Creek, Montana, USA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69, 2505–2516.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jannasch, H. W., Johnson, K. S., & Sakamoto, C. M. (1994), Submersible, osmotically pumped analysers for continuous determination of nitrate in situ. Analytical Chemistry, 66, 3352–3361.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, K. S., & Coletti, L. J. (2002). In situ ultraviolet spectrophotometry for high resolution and long-term monitoring of nitrate, bromide and bisulfide in the ocean. Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 49, 1291–1305.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimball, B. A., Nimick, D. A., Gerner, L. J., & Runkel, R. L. (1999). Quantification of metal loading in Fisher Creek by tracer injection and synoptic sampling, Park County, Montana, August 1997. Water-Resources Investigations – US Geological Survey, Report: WRI 99-4119, 39pp, US Geological Survey, United States (USA) http://co.water.usgs.gov/toxics/reports/fisher/.

  • Klinkhammer, G. P. (1994). Fiber optic spectrometers for in-situ measurements in the oceans: The ZAPS Probe. Marine Chemistry, 47, 13–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luther, G. W. III, Reimers, C. E., Nuzzio, D. B., & Lovalvo, D. (1999). In situ deployment of voltammetric, potentiometric, and amperometric microelectrodes from a ROV to determine dissolved O sub(2), Mn, Fe, S(−2), and pH in porewaters. Environmental Science & Technology, 33, 4352–4356.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Machesky, M. L. (1990). Influence of temperature on ion adsorption by hydrous metal oxides. In R. L. Bassett & D. C. Melchoir (Eds.), Chemical modeling of aqueous systems I (pp. 282–292). American Chemical Symposium Series 416.

  • Makepeace, D. K., Smith, D. W., & Stanley S. J. (1995). Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 25, 93–139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKnight, D. M., Kimball, B. A., & Bencala, K. E. (1988) Iron photoreduction and oxidation in an acidic mountain stream. Science, 240, 637–640.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagorski, S. A., Moore, J. N., McKinnon, T. E., & Smith, D. B. (2003). Scale-dependent temporal variations in stream water geochemistry. Environmental Science & Technology, 37, 859–864.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nimick, D. A., Cleasby, T. E., & McCleskey, R. B. (2005). Seasonality of diel cycles of dissolved trace-metal concentrations in a Rocky Mountain stream. Environmental Geology, 47, 603–614.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nimick, D. A., Gammons, C. H. Cleasby, T. E., Madison, J. P., Skaar, D., & Brick, C. M. (2003). Diel cycles in dissolved metal concentrations in streams; occurrence and possible causes. Water Resources Research, 39, 1247.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okamura, K., Okamura, K., Kimoto, H., Saeki, K., Ishibashi, J., Obata, H., et al. (2001). Development of a deep-sea in situ Mn analyzer and its application for hydrothermal plume observation. Marine Chemistry, 76, 17–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rantz, S. E. (1982) Measurement and computation of streamflow; Volume 1, Measurement of stage and discharge; Volume 2, Computation of discharge. US Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper, Report: W 2175, 631 pp.

  • Steimle, E. T, Kaltenbacher, E. A., & Byrne, R. H. (2002). In situ nitrite measurements using a compact spectrophotometric analysis system. Marine Chemistry, 77, 255–262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, A. B., Drever, J. I., & McKnight, D. M. (1998). Diel variation in element concentrations, Peru Creek, Summit County, Colorado. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 64, 141–145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taggart, J. E., Jr. (2002). Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geologic and other materials, US Geological Survey. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-023 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0223/.

  • Tercier-Waeber, M. L., Belmont-Hebert, C., & Buffle, J. (1998). Real-time continuous Mn(II) monitoring in lakes using a novel voltammetric in situ profiling system. Environmental Science & Technology, 32, 1515–1521.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trivedi, P, & Axe, L. (2001). Predicting divalent metal sorption to hydrous Al, Fe, and Mn oxides. Environmental Science & Technology, 35, 1779–1784.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas P. Chapin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chapin, T.P., Nimick, D.A., Gammons, C.H. et al. Diel Cycling of Zinc in a Stream Impacted by Acid Rock Drainage: Initial Results from a New in situ Zn Analyzer. Environ Monit Assess 133, 161–167 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9569-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9569-y

Keywords

Navigation