Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

A Simulation Study to Assess the Sensitivity of a Forest Health Monitoring Network to Outbreaks of Defoliating Insects

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The sensitivity of the United States Forest Health Monitoring network to outbreaks of defoliating insects was examined by means of a simulation study. A model constructed specifically for the study was used to generate a wide variety of defoliation patterns in forested landscapes. Forest configuration was that of Minnesota, USA, as expressed by the GAP land cover classification. Combinations of model parameters were based on a Latin Hypercube sample. The relationship between the average number of plots defoliated and outbreak characteristics was then examined via multiple regression. Both theoretical and model results pointed to a strong, linear relationship between the average number of plots defoliated and outbreak size. Model results provided additional insight, suggesting a significant relationship between the average number of plots defoliated and other outbreak characteristics after outbreak size was taken into account.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alexander, S. A. and Palmer, C. J.: 1999, ‘Forest Health Monitoring in the United States: First four years’, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 55, 267–277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burkman, W. G. and Hertel, G. D.: 1992, ‘Forest Health Monitoring: A national program to detect, evaluate, and understand change’, Journal of Forestry 90, 26–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, V. H., Joyce, L. A., McNulty, S., Neilson, R. P., Ayres, M. P., Flannigan, M. D., Hanson, P. J., Irland, L. C., Lugo, A. E., Peterson, C. J., Simberloff, D., Swanson, F. J., Stocks, B. J. and Wotton, B. M.: 2001, ‘Climate change and forest disturbances’, BioScience 51, 723–734.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie, A. J., Miller-Weeks, M., Barnett, C. J. and Burkman, W. G.: 1993, ‘Summary report: F orest Health Monitoring, New England/Mid-Atlantic 1992’, NE/NA-INF-115-R93, USDA Forest Service.

  • Kvalseth, T. G.: 1985, ‘Cautionary note about R2’, American Statistician 39, 279–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lillesand, T. M.: 1996, ‘A protocol for satellite-based land cover classification in the Upper Midwest’, in: J. M. Scott, T. H. Tear and F. Davis (eds), GAP Analysis: A Landscape Approach to Biodiversity Planning, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Bethesda, Maryland. pp. 103–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKay, M. D., Beckman, R. J. and Conover, W. J.: 1979, ‘A comparison of three methods for selecting values of input variables in the analysis of output from a computer code’, Technometrics 21, 239–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Messer, J. J., Linthurst, R. A. and Overton, W. S.: 1991, ‘An EPA program for monitoring status and trends’, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 17, 67–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minnesota Department of Natural Resources: 2005, ‘GAP Land Cover dataset’, http://maps.dnr.state. mn.us/deli (February 20, 2005).

  • Overton, W. S., White, D. and Stevens, D. L., Jr.: 1990, ‘Design report for EMAP: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program’ EPA/600/3-91/053, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, C. J., Riitters, K. H., Strickland, T., Cassell, D. L., Byers, G. E., Papp, M. L. and Liff, C. I.: 1991, ‘Monitoring and research strategy for forests – Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)’, EPA/600/4-91/012, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, P.: 2002, ‘Using Forest Health Monitoring to assess aspen forest cover change in the southern Rockies ecoregion’, Forest Ecology and Management 155, 223–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santner, T. J., Williams, B. J. and Notz, W. I.: 2003, The Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments, Springer, New York, 283 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, D. L., Jr.: 1994, ‘Implementation of a national monitoring program’, Journal of Environmental Management 42, 1–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stolte, K. W.: 1997, ‘1996 national technical report on forest health’, Admin. Rep., FS-605, USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC.

  • Stolte, K. W., Conkling, B., Campbell, S. and Gillespie, A.: 2002, ‘Forest health indicators: Forest Inventory and Analysis program’, FS-746, USDA Forest Service.

  • Tallent-Halsell, N. G. (ed): 1994, ‘Forest Health Monitoring field methods guide’, EPA/620/R-94/027, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Venables, W. N. and Ripley, B. D.: 2002, Modern Applied Statistics with S, 4th ed., Springer, New York, 495 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walters, D. K.: 1994, ‘Evaluation methodology for forest ecosystem change models’, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.

  • Weisberg. S.: 1985, Applied Linear Regression, 2nd ed., Wiley and Sons, New York, 324 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, D., Kimerling, A. J. and Overton, W. S.: 1992, ‘Cartographic and geometric components of a global sampling design for environmental monitoring’, Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 19, 5–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christopher B. Edgar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Edgar, C.B., Burk, T.E. A Simulation Study to Assess the Sensitivity of a Forest Health Monitoring Network to Outbreaks of Defoliating Insects. Environ Monit Assess 122, 289–307 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9181-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9181-6

Keywords

Navigation