Abstract
The concentrations of criteria air pollutants such as CO, NO x (NO + NO2), SO2 and PM were measured in the period of May 2001 and April 2003 in the city of Bursa, Turkey. The average concentrations for this period were 1115±1600 μg/m3, 29±50 μg/m3, 51±24 μg/m3, 79±65 μg/m3, 40±35 μg/m3, 98±220 μg/m3, for CO, NO, NO2, NO x , SO2 and PM, respectively. Temporal changes in concentrations were analyzed using meteorological factors. Correlations among pollutant concentrations and meteorological parameters showed weak relations nearly in all data. Lower concentrations were observed in the summer months while higher concentrations were measured in the winter months. The increase in winter concentrations was probably due to residential heating. Pollutants were associated with each other in order to have information about their origin. NO x /SO2 ratio was also examined to bring out the source origin contributing on air pollution (i.e., traffic or stationary).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Afroz, R., Hassan, M. N. and Ibrahim, N. A.: 2003, ‘Review of air pollution and health impacts in Malaysia’, Environ. Res. 92(2), 71–77.
Aneja, P. V., Agarwal, A., Roelle, P. A., Phillips, B. S., Tong, Q., Watkins, N. and Yablonsky, R.: 2001, ‘Measurements and analysis of criteria pollutants in New Delhi, India’, Environ. Int. 27, 35–42.
Bogo, H., Negri, M. and Roman, E. S.: 1999, ‘Continuous measurement of gaseous pollutants in Buenos Aires city’, Atmos. Environ. 33, 2587–2598.
Bridgman, H. A., Davies, T. D., Jickells, T., Hunova, J., Tovey, K., Bridges, K. and Surapipith, V.: 2002, ‘Air pollution in the Krusne Hory region, Czech Republic during the 1990s’, Atmos. Environ. 36, 3375–3389.
Cardenas, L. M., Austin, J. F., Burgess, R. A., Clemitshaw, K. C., Dorling, S., Penkett, S. A. and Harrison, R. M.: 1998, ‘Correlations between CO, NOy, O3 and non-methane hydrocarbons and their relationships with meteorology during winter 1993 on the North Norfolk Coast, U.K.’, Atmos. Environ. 32, 3339–3351.
Blsom, D. M.: 1992, Atmospheric Pollution: A Global Problem (2nd Edition), Blackwell Publishers, UK, pp. 422.
Finlayson-Pitts, J. B. and Pitts, N. J.: 1986, Atmospheric Chemistry: Fundamentals and Experimental Techniques, Wiley, New York, pp. 1098.
Goyal, P. and Sidhartha: 2003, ‘Present scenario of air quality in Delhi: A case study of CNG implementation’, Atmos. Environ. 37, 5423–5431.
Goyal, P. and Sidhartha: 2002, ‘Effect of winds on SO2 and SPM concentrations in Delhi’, Atmos. Environ. 36, 2925–2930.
Harder, H., Patz, W., Thomas, A. V., Fischer, H. and Zenker, T.: 2001, ‘Measurements of nitrogen oxides, ozone, and carbon monoxide during the FIELDVOC-94 campaign in Tabua’, Chemosphere-Global Change Sci. 3, 227–237.
Hargreaves, P. R., Leidi, A., Grubb, H. J., Howe, M. T. and Mugglestone, M. A.: 2000, ‘Local and seasonal variations in atmospheric nitrogen dioxide levels at Rothamsted, UK, and relationships with meteorological conditions’, Atmos. Environ. 34, 843–853.
Hesketh, H. E.: 1996, Air Pollution Control Traditional and Hazardous Pollutants, Technomic Publishing Company, Pennsylvania, pp. 2–3.
Kimmel, V., Tammet, H. and Truuts, T.: 2002, ‘Variation of atmospheric air pollution under conditions of rapid economic change-Estonia 1994–1999’, Atmos. Environ. 36, 4133–4144.
Peavy, H. S., Rowe, D. R. and Tchobanoglous, G.: 1985, Environmental Engineering. Editor: Corbitt, R.A., McGraw-Hill, Inc., USA.
Reddy, G. S. and Ruj, B.: 2003, ‘Ambient air quality status in Raniganj-Asansol Area, India’, Environ. Monit. Assess. 89, 153–163.
Seinfeld, J. H.: 1986, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution, John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 738.
Shi, P. J. and Harrison, R. M.: 1997, ‘Rapid NO2 formation in diluted petrol-fuelled engine exhaust a source of NO2 in winter smog episodes’, Atmos. Environ. 31, 3857–3866.
Tasdemir, Y.: 2002, ‘Air pollution originated by sulfur dioxide in Bursa’ J. Environ. Ecol. 11(42), 12–15 (in Turkish).
Tasdemir, Y.: 2001, ‘Winter season SO2 measurements in Bursa and their comparison with rural and urban area values’, Turkish J. Eng. Environ. Sci. 25, 279–287.
Tasdemir, Y., Payan, F., Uygur, A., Başkaya, H. S. and Pinarli, V.: 1998, Assessment and Measurement of SO2 and NOx Pollutants in Bursa, in: Proceedings of SECOTOX'98 ‘International Conference on Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety’, October 19–21, 1998, Antalya, Turkey, paper 54.
Tayanc, M.: 2000, ‘An assessment of spatial and temporal variation of sulfur dioxide levels over Istanbul, Turkey’, Environ. Pollution. 107, 61–69.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tasdemir, Y., Cindoruk, S.S. & Esen, F. Monitoring of Criteria Air Pollutants in Bursa, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 110, 227–241 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-7866-5
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-7866-5