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Genetic diversity and a long evolutionary history of plum pox virus strain rec in Turkey

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Abstract

Plum pox virus strain Recombinant (PPV-Rec) is hypothetically considered as homologous recombinant between strains PPV-M and PPV-D. The nucleotide position 8450 up to end of genome is considered to come from PPV-M, and the remaining major genomic part is PPV-D-derived. It is regarded as third major PPV strain due to its wide distribution and prevalence in Europe. However, among over a thousand PPV isolates genetically identified in Turkey, only 10 of them (<1%) were characterized as PPV-Rec. The nearly complete genome of eight of the PPV-Rec isolates from European part of Turkey were obtained and analyzed together with PPV-Rec isolates of other countries. All major genomic features were conserved among Turkish PPV-Rec isolates. The genetic diversity of PPV-Rec isolates in Turkey (n = 8, 0.015 ± 0.001%) was found to be comparable to that observed for the isolates from eight countries (n = 10, 0.014 ± 0.001%). Particularly, genetic diversity of the minor recombinant fragment for Turkish PPV-Rec isolates was apparently higher (0.016 ± 0.001%) than the value for the 10 isolates from eight countries (0.011 ± 0.001%). The high genetic diversity was also demonstrated by high phylogenetic variation in Turkish isolates, indicating a long evolutionary history of PPV-Rec isolates in Turkey. After including Turkish isolates in the recombination analysis, the major putative recombination event of PPV-Rec isolates with a breakpoint around position 8450 was identified again, however the other recently reported putative recombination events were not supported in this study by the algorithms implemented in the RDP software.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (project number 118O548). Also, Saffet Teber is sponsored by a scholarship from the YOK 100/2000 doctorate program. 

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey

    Kahraman Gürcan & Saffet Teber

  2. Department of Biology, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey

    Mikail Akbulut

  3. Plant Protection Department, Mustafa Kemal University, 31034, Hatay, Turkey

    Kadriye Çağlayan

Authors
  1. Kahraman Gürcan
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  2. Saffet Teber
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  3. Mikail Akbulut
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  4. Kadriye Çağlayan
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Correspondence to Kahraman Gürcan.

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Gürcan, K., Teber, S., Akbulut, M. et al. Genetic diversity and a long evolutionary history of plum pox virus strain rec in Turkey. Eur J Plant Pathol 161, 453–461 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-021-02336-2

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