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Baseline sensitivity of natural population and resistance risk of Peronophythora litchii to four novel QoI fungicides

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Abstract

Sixty-eight field isolates of Peronophythora litchii, the causal agent of litchi downy blight, were examined for sensitivity to four novel QoI fungicides (SYP-1620, SYP-2815, ZJ0712 and enestroburin) in vitro with a mycelial growth assay. Ranges and means of EC50 values (in μg/mL) were 0.047–0.288 and 0.138 for SYP-2815, 0.056–0.992 and 0.148 for ZJ0712, 0.430–7.529 and 2.720 for SYP-1620, and 0.180–1.772 and 0.810 for enestroburin; the distributions were approximately unimodal and skewed. Eight mutants resistant to the three novel QoI fungicides and azoxystrobin (as a known QoI fungicide) were obtained by exposing field isolates to fungicide-amended agar and to ultraviolet irradiation, while mutants resistant to enestroburin were not obtained. In laboratory assays, all eight mutants had a high and stable resistance, and most were as fit or more fit than sensitive isolates. There was cross-resistance among the five QoI fungicides. The resistance risk of P. litchii to the four novel QoI fungicides was inconsistent, and the probability that P. litchii will develop resistance to SYP-2815, ZJ0712, and SYP-1620 may be high if these fungicides are frequently applied in the field.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2012AA101502). This work was also partially supported by the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201303023) and State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Research Institute of the Chemical Industry of China. We thank F. Chen for kindly providing strains. We thank N. Si and J. Liu for kindly providing 4 novel QoI fungicides. We thank B. Jaffee for reviewing and providing professional opinions on this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China

    Yuxin Zhou, Pengfei Liu, Yu Zhang, Qingxiao Meng & Xili Liu

  2. Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China

    Yuxin Zhou

  3. College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China

    Lei Chen

  4. College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

    Jian Hu

  5. State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shenyang, 110021, China

    Bin Li, Naiguo Si & Changling Liu

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  1. Yuxin Zhou
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  9. Changling Liu
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Correspondence to Xili Liu.

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Zhou, Y., Chen, L., Hu, J. et al. Baseline sensitivity of natural population and resistance risk of Peronophythora litchii to four novel QoI fungicides. Eur J Plant Pathol 146, 71–83 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-0893-y

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