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Potato spindle tuber viroid: alternative host reservoirs and strain found in a remote subtropical irrigation area

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Abstract

During 2007–2012, Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) was detected in volunteer cultivated, wild and native plants during studies to determine whether Pospiviroids occur within the isolated, sub-tropical, Gascoyne Horticultural District (GHD) in central coastal Western Australia (WA). PSTVd was detected infecting volunteer crop plants of tomato, pepper and chilli; introduced weed species Solanum nigrum (blackberry nightshade), Datura leichhardtii (thornapple) and Nicandra physalodes (apple-of-Peru) (Solanaceae), and Conyza bonariensis (flaxleaf fleabane) (Asteraceae); and Australian native species Atriplex semilunaris (annual saltbush), Rhagodia eremaea (thorny saltbush) (Chenopodiaceae), and Streptoglossa sp. (Asteraceae). PSTVd was also detected infecting Physalis angulata (wild gooseberry) in the Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA), Kimberley region in north-west WA. Comparison of sequences from the three complete and 18 partial RNA nucleotide sequences obtained from 20 GHD and one ORIA isolates with those of published sequences showed that their highest nucleotide sequence identities were to isolate AY962324 belonging to the Chittering strain from south-west WA. On phylogenetic analysis, the three completely sequenced GHD PSTVd isolates grouped within a cluster of isolates from tomato and P. peruviana. These results show that a naturally occurring PSTVd inoculum reservoir is present in the GHD. This reservoir explains the occurrence of repeated PSTVd infections in different years in field crops of tomato, pepper and chilli growing in its market gardens and small farms. These findings have implications concerning PSTVd spread in intensive solanaceous crop field production systems in other subtropical regions of the world.

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Acknowledgments

The first author acknowledges financial assistance provided by a Scholarship and operating support from the Co-operative Research Centre for Plant Biosecurity and from Horticulture Australia Ltd. The Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia also provided operational support. We thank Stuart Vincent, Robert Creasy and Bill Piasini for assisting with plant propagation, and other routine glasshouse activities; Joanne Mackie and Cuiping Wang for assisting with testing and sequencing; and Monica Kehoe for assistance with phylogenetic analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cooperative Research Centre for Plant Biosecurity, GPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia

    A. E. Mackie, B. C. Rodoni, M. J. Barbetti, S. J. McKirdy & R. A. C. Jones

  2. School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    A. E. Mackie, M. J. Barbetti & R. A. C. Jones

  3. Crop Protection and Plant Biosecurity Branches, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Locked Bag No. 4, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia

    A. E. Mackie & R. A. C. Jones

  4. Biosciences Research Division, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia

    B. C. Rodoni

  5. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South St Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia

    S. J. McKirdy

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  1. A. E. Mackie
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Correspondence to R. A. C. Jones.

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Mackie, A.E., Rodoni, B.C., Barbetti, M.J. et al. Potato spindle tuber viroid: alternative host reservoirs and strain found in a remote subtropical irrigation area. Eur J Plant Pathol 145, 433–446 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-0857-2

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