Abstract
Sensitivity to epoxiconazole of 90 single-spore isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae was determined. The EC50 values for epoxiconazole in inhibiting mycelial growth of the 90 M. oryzae isolates were 0.11–0.86 μg/ml, with an average EC50 value of 0.260 ± 0.082 μg/ml. There was no correlation between sensitivity to epoxiconazole and sensitivity to carbendazim or iprobenfos. In protective and curative tests, epoxiconazole applied at 200 μg/ml provided over 70 % control efficacy, while tricyclazole exhibited better protective than curative activity. The results of four field trials performed in 2010 and 2011 at two sites showed that epoxiconazole at 112.5 g a.i/ha provided over 75 % control efficacy, which was similar to tricyclazole with 300 g a.i./ha and better than carbendazim with 562.5 g a.i./ha.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bonman, J. M., Estrada, B. A., & Bandong, J. M. (1989). Leaf and neck blast resistance in tropical lowland rice cultivars. Plant Disease, 73, 388–390.
Brent, K. J., & Hollomon, D. W. (1998). Fungicide resistance: the assessment of risk. In: FRAC Monograph 2, CropLife International, Brussels. Available from: www.frac.info.
Chen, Y., Li, H., Chen, C., & Zhou, M. (2008). Sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum to fungicide JS399-19: in vitro determination of baseline sensitivity and the risk of developing fungicide resistance. Phytoparasitica, 36, 326–337.
Chen, Y., Chen, C. J., Zhou, M. G., Wang, J. X., & Zhang, W. Z. (2009). Monogenic resistance to a new fungicide JS399-19 in Gibberella zeae. Plant Pathology, 58, 565–570.
Chrysayi, M. T., & Sisler, H. D. (1978). Effect of tricyclazole on growth and secondary metabolism in Pyricularia oryzae. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 8, 26–32.
FRAC (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee). (2012). www.frac.info.
Greer, C. A., & Webster, R. K. (2001). Occurrence, distribution, epidemiology, cultivar reaction, and management of rice blast disease in California. Plant Disease, 85, 1096–1102.
Groth, D. E. (2006). Azoxystrobin rate and timing effects on rice head blast incidence and rice grain and milling yields. Plant Disease, 90, 1055–1058.
International Rice Research Institute. (1996). Standard evaluation system for rice (4th ed.). Manila: IRRI.
Jia, Y., Valent, B., & Lee, F. N. (2003). Determination of host responses to Magnaporthe grisea on detached rice leaves using a spot inoculation method. Plant Disease, 87, 129–133.
Katagiri, M., & Uesugi, Y. (1977). Similarities between the fungicidal action of isoprothiolane and organophosphosphorus thiolate fungicides. Phytopathology, 67, 1415–1417.
Leroux, P., & Walker, A. S. (2011). Multiple mechenisms accounrt for resistance to sterol 14α-demethylation inhibitors in field isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Pest Management Science, 67, 44–59.
Li, H., Diao, Y., Wang, J., Chen, C., Ni, J., & Zhou, M. (2008). JS399-19, a new fungicide against wheat scab. Crop Protection, 27, 90–95.
Long, D. H., Lee, F. N., & TeBeest, D. O. (2000). Effect of nitrogen fertilization on disease progress of rice blast on susceptible and resistant cultivars. Plant Disease, 84, 403–409.
Ma, Z., & Michailides, T. (2005). Advances in understanding molecular mechanisms of fungicide resistance and molecular detection of resistant genotypes in phytopathogenic fungi. Crop Protection, 24, 853–863.
Noguchi, M. T., Yasuda, N., & Fujita, Y. (2006). Evidence of genetic exchange by parasexual recombination and genetic analysis of pathogenicity and mating type of parasexual recombinants in rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. Phytopathology, 96, 746–750.
Peng, Y. L., Liu, J. F., & Ye, Z. Y. (1990). Studies on the resistance to kitazin p in Pyricularia oryzae. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 13, 45–48.
Russell, P. E. (2004). Sensitivity baselines in fungicide resistance research and management. In: FRAC Monograph, 3. CropLife International, Brussels. Available from: www.frac.info.
Seebold, K. W., Datnoff, L. E., Correa-Victoria, F. J., Kucharek, T. A., & Snyder, G. H. (2000). Effect of silicon rate and host resistance on blast, scald, and yield of upland rice. Plant Disease, 84, 871–876.
Stammler, G., Carstensen, M., Koch, A., Semar, M., Strobel, D., & Schlehuber, S. (2008). Frequency of different CYP51-haplotypes of Mycosphaerella graminicola and their impact on epoxiconazole-sensitivity and -field efficacy. Crop Protection, 27, 1448–1456.
Stammler, G., Taher, K., Koch, A., Haber, J., Liebmann, B., Bouagila, A., et al. (2012). Sensitivity of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates from Tunisia to epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin. Crop Protection, 34, 32–36.
Woloshuk, C. P., Sisler, H. D., Tokousbalides, M. C., & Duntly, S. R. (1980). Melanin biosynthesis in Pyricularia oryzae: site of tricyclazole inhibition and pathogenicity of melanin-deficient mutants. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 14, 256–264.
Zeng, J., Feng, S., Cai, J., Wang, L., Lin, F., & Pan, Q. (2009). Distribution of mating type and sexual status in Chinese rice blast populations. Plant Disease, 93, 238–242.
Zhang, C. Q., Zhou, M. G., Shao, Z. R., & Liang, G. M. (2004). Detection of sensitivity and resistance variation of Magnaporthe grisea to kitazin P, carbendazim and tricyclazole. Rice Science, 18, 317–323.
Zhang, C. Q., Zhu, G. N., Ma, Z. H., & Zhou, M. G. (2006). Isolation, characterization and preliminary genetic analysis of laboratory tricyclazole-resistant mutants of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. Journal of Phytopathology, 154, 392–397.
Zhang, C. Q., Zhang, Y., & Zhu, G. N. (2008). The mixture of kresoxim-methyl and boscalid, an excellent alternative controlling grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea. Annals of Applied Biology, 153, 205–213.
Zhang, C., Huang, X., Wang, J., & Zhou, M. (2009). Resistance development in rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea to tricyclazole. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 94, 43–47.
Zhou, M. G., Ye, Z. Y., & Liu, J. F. (1994). Progress of fungicide resistance. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 17, 33–41.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by: (i) Key projects in the national science & technology pillar programs during the twelfth 5-year plan period (No. 2011BAD16B06–1 & 2012BAD04B09), (ii) Special fund for agro-scientific research in the public interest from the ministry of agriculture, China (No. 200903033), (iii) the Research Program from the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China (2012IK267), (iv) Rice Industrial System of Anhui Province, (v) 2012 Dean Younth Innovation Fund of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (12B1121) and (vi) Innovation Team of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (12C1105). We gratefully thank Dr. Gerd Stammler for his critical revisions and suggestions for this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, Y., Yao, J., Wang, WX. et al. Effect of epoxiconazole on rice blast and rice grain yield in China. Eur J Plant Pathol 135, 675–682 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-012-0104-4
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-012-0104-4