Abstract
Two viral DNAs were obtained by rolling circle amplification conducted on DNA extracts from salvia (Salvia splendens) cv. ‘Dancing Flame’ showing variegated foliage resembling virus symptoms. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of an isolate of the putative begomovirus Clerodendron golden mosaic China virus. The virus was detected in all salvia plants showing variegated foliage, but not in non-variegated plants. The virus was graft-transmitted to healthy salvias which reproduced the original symptoms. Attempts to transmit the virus with the whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B failed. The results of this investigation strongly suggest that the salvia isolate of Clerodendron golden mosaic China virus (ClGMCNV-Sal[USA:LA:11]) is the cause of the variegated foliage of S. splendens cv. ‘Dancing Flame’. This is the first report of this virus in the United States.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Abbreviations
- AbMV:
-
Abutilon mosaic virus
- ClGMCNV:
-
Clerodendron golden mosaic China virus
- CP:
-
Coat protein
- CMV:
-
Cucumber mosaic virus
- DF-1:
-
Dancing Flame -1
- NWFT:
-
Not whitefly-transmitted
- RCA:
-
Rolling circle amplification
References
Ali, S., Khan, A. A., Afreen, B., Sharma, R., Jahan, T., & Naqvi, Q. A. (2008). Natural occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus associated with mottling and mosaic disease on Salvia splendens, a new record from India. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 3, 118–120.
Altschul, S. F., Madden, T. L., Schaffer, A. A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W., & Lipman, D. J. (1997). Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Research, 25, 3389–3402.
Brown, J. K., Fauquet, C. M., Briddon, R. W., Zerbini, M., Moriones, E., & Navas-Castillo, J. (2011). Family Geminiviridae. In A. King, M. J. Adams, E. B. Carstens, & E. Lefkowitz (Eds.), Virus taxonomy. Ninth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (pp. 351–373). Amsterdam: Elsevier-Academic.
Caciagli, P., Medina Piles, V., Marian, D., Vecchiati, M., Masenga, V., Mason, G., Falcioni, T., & Noris, E. (2009). Virion stability is important for the circulative transmission of Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus by Bemisia tabaci, but virion access to salivary glands does not guarantee transmissibility. Journal of Virology, 83, 5784–5795.
Clebsch, B. (1997). A book of salvias: sages for every garden. Portland: Timber.
Haible, D., Kober, S., & Jeske, H. (2006). Rolling circle amplification revolutionizes diagnosis and genomics of geminiviruses. Journal of Virological Methods, 135, 9–16.
Harrison, B. D., Swanson, M. M., & Fargette, D. (2002). Begomovirus coat protein: serology, variation and functions. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 60, 257–271.
Höfer, P., Bedford, I. D., Markham, P. G., Jeske, H., & Frischmuth, T. (1997). Coat protein gene replacement results in whitefly transmission of an insect nontransmissible geminivirus isolate. Virology, 236, 288–95.
Holcomb, G. H., & Valverde, R. A. (1998). Natural infection of Salvia uliginosa with cucumber mosaic cucumovirus. HortScience, 33, 1215–1216.
Höhnle, M., Höfer, P., Bedford, I. D., Briddon, R. W., Markham, P. G., & Frischmuth, T. (2001). Exchange of three amino acids in the coat protein results in efficient whitefly transmission of a nontransmissible Abutilon mosaic virus isolate. Virology, 290, 164–71.
Li, J., & Zhou, X. (2010). Molecular characterization and experimental host-range of two begomoviruses infecting clerodendrum cyrtophyllum in China. Virus Genes, 41, 250–259.
Mumford, R. A., Jarvis, B., Harju, V., Boonham, N., & Skelton, A. (2006). First report of Broad bean virus 2 in the UK: findings in foxglove and salvia. Plant Pathology, 55, 819.
Nelson, S. C. (2008). Abutilon mosaic. University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, Cooperative Extension Service, PD-39. Retrieved September 5, 2011 from http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/PD-39.pdf
Valverde, R. A., Nameth, S. T., & Jordan, R. L. (1990). Analysis of double-stranded RNA for plant virus diagnosis. Plant Disease, 74, 255–258.
Valverde, R. A., Sim, J., & Lotrakul, P. (2003). Whitefly transmission of sweet potato viruses. Virus Research, 100, 123–128.
Wu, Z. C., Hu, J. S., Polston, J. E., Ullman, D. E., & Hiebert, E. (1996). Complete nucleotide sequence of a nonvector-transmissible strain of Abutilon mosaic geminivirus in Hawaii. Phytopathology, 86, 608–613.
Wyatt, S. D., & Brown, J. K. (1996). Detection of subgroup III geminivirus isolates in leaf extracts by degenerate primers and polymerase chain reaction. Phytopathology, 86, 1288–1293.
Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by funds from the Special Research Initiative from Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station granted to SS. Approved for publication as Journal Article No. 12077 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank under accession numbers JQ305797 (DNA-A) and JQ305798 (DNA-B)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Valverde, R.A., Singh, R. & Sabanadzovic, S. Detection and identification of Clerodendron golden mosaic China virus in Salvia splendens . Eur J Plant Pathol 133, 499–503 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-011-9923-y
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-011-9923-y