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Genetic diversity, anastomosis groups and virulence of Rhizoctonia spp. from strawberry

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Abstract

Virulent Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from strawberry in Israel belonged to anastomosis groups (AG) of: binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) AG-A, AG-G, AG-K and AG-F, and to multinucleate Rhizoctonia (MNR) AG 4 subgroup HG-I. In addition, a soil isolate of AG 4 subgroup HG-III was also found to be virulent on strawberry. None of the Israeli isolates obtained in the present study belonged to BNR AG-I, or other MNR AGs. In the cluster analysis of rDNA-ITS sequences, all of the isolate sequences consistently clustered according to their known AGs and subgroups. One AG-F cluster included sequences of 10 strawberry isolates, while another AG-F cluster included sequences of two isolates submitted to GenBank. Additional work is needed to determine whether the isolates of these two clusters may belong to different AG-F subgroups. The current virulence bioassay used for Rhizoctonia spp. isolates on strawberry is based on inoculation of stolon-derived daughter plants with the isolates and estimation of the reduction in plant biomass, rather than on specific distinct disease severity symptoms. The duration of this test is relatively long (ca. 5 weeks or more) and the availability of daughter plants from runners is naturally limited to a certain season. Among the possible alternative methods evaluated in the present study (inoculation of fruits or seedlings developed from germinated strawberry seeds), the method based on seedlings was best. This method has a potential to replace the currently used stolon-daughter plant inoculation bioassay for testing virulence of strawberry root pathogens. This is the first report indicating that Rhizoctonia spp. isolates that belong to AG-F, AG-K, AG 4 HG-I and AG 4 HG-III are virulent to strawberry.

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Abbreviations

AG:

Anastomosis group

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

ap-PCR:

Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction

BNR:

binucleate Rhizoctonia

DDBJ:

DNA data bank of Japan

MNR:

Multinucleate Rhizoctonia

np-R:

Non-pathogenic or hypovirulent Rhizoctonia

rDNA-ITS:

Ribosomal DNA-internal transcribed spacer

RFLP:

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

Str:

Strawberry isolates

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. F.N. Martin, USDA-ARS, Salinas, California, for the BNR isolates; Rahan Meristem Nursery for providing the strawberry daughter plants; E. Gamliel-Atinsky, Y. Denisov, S. Horowitz, M. Maymon, G. Prudovsky, A. Zveibil, Y. Agmon and Y. Wolf for their valuable assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel

    Michal Sharon & Baruch Sneh

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel

    Stanley Freeman

  3. Department of Integrated Human Sciences, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tohbetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan

    Shiro Kuninaga

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  1. Michal Sharon
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  2. Stanley Freeman
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  4. Baruch Sneh
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Correspondence to Baruch Sneh.

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Sharon, M., Freeman, S., Kuninaga, S. et al. Genetic diversity, anastomosis groups and virulence of Rhizoctonia spp. from strawberry. Eur J Plant Pathol 117, 247–265 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-006-9091-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-006-9091-7

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