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Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring type 1 diabetes mellitus risk: accounting for HLA haplotype

  • PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
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Abstract

The main objective of this study was to investigate the risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in children exposed to tobacco smoking in utero, also taking genetic predisposition as expressed by HLA haplotype into account. In Skåne, the southernmost county of Sweden, all children born 1999–2005 who developed T1D were registered, resulting in 344 cases. For each child with T1D, three control children, matched for HLA haplotype and birthyear, were selected. Information on prenatal smoking exposure was retrieved from a regional birth register. Conditional logistic regressions were used to evaluate T1D risk following prenatal smoking exposure. In these data, maternal smoking in early pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of her child developing T1D [odds ratio (OR) 2.83; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.67–4.80 for 1–9 cigarettes/day, and OR 3.91; 95 % CI 1.22–12.51 for >9 cigarettes/day]. Results remained through all adjustments and sensitivity analyses. When genetic predisposition in terms of HLA haplotype was taken into account, we found that children exposed to smoking during fetal life were at higher risk of developing T1D in childhood.

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Abbreviations

BMI:

Body mass index

DiPiS:

Diabetes Prediction in Skåne

HLA:

Human leukocyte antigen

MBR:

Medical Birth Register

PRSR:

Perinatal Revision South Register

T1D:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Acknowledgments

Collaborators within the Dipis-study group are: Cecilia Andersson, Maria Ask, Marie Andersson-Turpinen, Rasmus Bennet, Jenny Bremer, Charlotte Brundin, Annelie Carlsson, Ulla-Marie Carlsson, Elisabeth Cedervall, Corrado Cilio, Barbro Gustavsson, Carina Hansson, Gertie Hansson, Sten Ivarsson, Berglind Jonsdottir, Björn Jönsson, Ida Jönsson, Daria La Torre, Karin Larsson, Bengt Lindberg, Barbro Lernmark, Åke Lernmark, Markus Lundgren, Kristian Lynch, Jan Neiderud, Zeliha Mestan, Anita Ramelius, Ingrid Wigheden. We thank Karin Källén, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden, for acquisition and linking of register data. The research was supported by the Medical Faculty at Lund University and the networks SIMSAM Lund (with funding from The Swedish Research Council) and METALUND (with funding from Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research). DiPiS is supported in part by the Swedish Research Council (Grant 14064), Swedish Childhood Diabetes Foundation, Swedish Diabetes Association, National Institutes of Health (DK26190), UMAS Fund, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, and the Skåne County Council for Research and Development..

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Ethical standard

The study was approved by the Ethics committee at Lund University, and is performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All subjects within the prospective study cohorts used have given their informed consent prior to participation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden

    Kristina Mattsson, Ebba Malmqvist & Lars Rylander

  2. Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Centre, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden

    Ida Jönsson & Helena Elding Larsson

Authors
  1. Kristina Mattsson
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  2. Ida Jönsson
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  4. Helena Elding Larsson
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kristina Mattsson.

Additional information

Helena Elding Larsson and Lars Rylander are co-equal senior authors.

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Mattsson, K., Jönsson, I., Malmqvist, E. et al. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring type 1 diabetes mellitus risk: accounting for HLA haplotype. Eur J Epidemiol 30, 231–238 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-014-9985-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-014-9985-1

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