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Seasonality, atmospheric transport and inhalation risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 and PM10 from industrial belts of Odisha, India

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Abstract

This study is the first attempt to assess the presence of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) enlisted by the US Environmental Protection Agency in PM2.5 and PM10 from industrial areas of Odisha State, India. During 2017–2018, bimonthly sampling of PM10 and PM2.5 was carried out for 24 h in the industrial and mining areas of Jharsuguda and Angul in Odisha during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post monsoon seasons. Highest mean concentration of ∑16PAHs in PM2.5 was observed during the post monsoon (170 ng/m3) period followed by pre-monsoon (48 ng/m3) and monsoon (16 ng/m 3) periods, respectively. A similar trend of ∑16PAHs was also observed in PM10 with higher levels observed during post monsoon (286 ng/m3) followed by pre-monsoon (81 ng/m3) and monsoon (27 ng/m3) seasons. Diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis suggested diesel, gasoline and coal combustion as the major contributors of atmospheric PAH pollution in Odisha. Back trajectory analysis revealed that PAH concentration was affected majorly by air masses originating from the northwest direction traversing through central India. Toxic equivalents ranged between 0.24 and 94.13 ng TEQ/m3. In our study, the incremental lifetime cancer risk ranged between 10–5 and 10–3, representing potential cancer risk.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Dr. B.N. Bhol, Ex-Chief Scientist, Odisha State Pollution Control Board (OSPCB), Bhubaneswar and Head, P.G. Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Odisha for their continuous support during the study period. Thanks to JSAs and Field Assistants of OSPCB who helped during the air sampling in Angul and Jharsuguda. The authors are grateful to Scientific Research Laboratory, Kolkata for the immense support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Pollution Control Board, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Susmita Ekka

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, Odisha, India

    Sanjat Kumar Sahu

  3. School of Earth, Climate and Ocean Sciences, IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Sanjeev Dwivedi

  4. India Meteorological Department, Meteorological Centre, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India

    Sanjeev Dwivedi

  5. Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India

    Sanjenbam Nirmala Khuman & Paromita Chakraborty

  6. Scientific Research Laboratory, Santoshpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Shirsendu Das

  7. Toxics Link, New Delhi, India

    Omkar Gaonkar

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  1. Susmita Ekka
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SE Sampling, analysis, data compilation and manuscript writing, SKS Data interpretation, graphics and manuscript writing, overall planning and guidance, Sanjeev Dwivedi: HYSPILT Modelling, SNK Data interpretation and editing, SD Experimental analysis and editing, OG Manuscript review and editing, PC Data and manuscript review and editing, overall planning and guidance.

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Ekka, S., Sahu, S.K., Dwivedi, S. et al. Seasonality, atmospheric transport and inhalation risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 and PM10 from industrial belts of Odisha, India. Environ Geochem Health 44, 3991–4005 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-01128-1

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