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Atmospheric PAHs in rural, urban, industrial and beach locations in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina: sources and health risk assessment

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Abstract

The first atmospheric PAHs levels and associated inhalation cancer risk were assessed over southwest Buenos Aires region by deploying PUF disk PAS samplers. Eight sampling location included coastal zones, touristic beaches, and rural inland areas were considered. PUF disks were fortified with surrogate standards and extracted by automated Soxhlet prior to GC–MS analysis. Σ16 PAHs ranged from 1.13 to 44.5 ng m−3 (10.3 ± 9.8), while urban locations showed up to 10 times higher PAH levels than rural or beach locations. Direct sources of PAHs, such as intensive vehicle traffic, heating, and general combustion activities, were identified. PAHs with four to six rings (46.62%) were predominantly Flt, Pyr, BbF, and BkF, and carcinogenic risk was expressed by BaP (0.10 ± 0.07 ng m−3) and BaPTEQs (0.26 ± 0.22 ng m−3). Inhalation ECR (2.23E-5, WHO) presented the lowest risk at beach locations. Molecular ratios and PCA showed a strong dominance in pyrolytic sources, such as biomass and coal combustion, with a particular signature in fires at inland locations. Overall, this study demonstrated that PUF disk passive air sampling provided a sound and simple approach for tracking air PAHs, their sources and public health risks, bringing a cost-effective tool for pollution control measures, even at small and remote towns. This is particularly relevant in extensive countries with medium or low income, such as Argentina.

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Fig. 1
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source apportionment along the area of study. Abbreviations refer to the ratios of fluoranthene (Flu) to fluoranthene plus pyrene (Flu/202), indeno-[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IcdP) to IcdP plus benzo[ghi]perylene (IcdP/276), Benz-a-anthracene (BaA) to BaA plus Chrysene (BaA/276) and anthracene (Ant) to Ant plus phenanthrene (Ant/178). I: Petrogenic origin, II: Combustion: Fuel derivatives + biomass, III: Biomass combustion, IV: Mix, V: Combustion/Pyrolytic sources. Flu/202 range references are: aWesterholm and Li (1994). bWang et al. (1999) cSchauer et al. (1999) dWesterholm et al. (2001) eGrimmer et al. (1983) fBenner et al. (1990) gLi and Kamens (1993) hRogge et al. (1993) iLaflamme and Hites (1978) jSjogren et al. (1996) kFreeman and Cattell (1990) lJenkins et al. (1996) mOanh et al. (1999) nSchauer et al. (2001) oFine et al. (2001)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina

    Andrés H. Arias, Mónica B. Álvarez & Norma B. Tombesi

  2. IADO, Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, CCT-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina

    Andrés H. Arias

  3. RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

    Karla A. Pozo & Petra Pribylová

  4. Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile

    Karla A. Pozo

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  1. Andrés H. Arias
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  3. Mónica B. Álvarez
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  5. Norma B. Tombesi
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Arias, A.H., Pozo, K.A., Álvarez, M.B. et al. Atmospheric PAHs in rural, urban, industrial and beach locations in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina: sources and health risk assessment. Environ Geochem Health 44, 2419–2433 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-01031-9

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