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Air pollution levels near crossroads with different traffic density and the estimation of health risk

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of traffic density on air pollutant levels as well as to analyse the spatial and temporal distribution of particulate pollutants and their health risk. The following species related to traffic pollution were measured: PM10, elemental and organic carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM10 and gas pollutants (SO2, NO2 and CO). The measurements were carried out at four crossroad sites in the city. Samples of PM10 were collected over three periods (6 am to 2 pm, 2 pm to 10 pm and 10 pm to 6 am) on working days and weekends. Statistically significant differences were found between sampling sites for all pollutant concentrations, except for NO2. The highest mass concentrations of PM10, carbon and PAHs were observed in the south of the city with the highest traffic density. Concentrations of gasses (CO and NO2) showed high values in morning and in the late afternoon and evening (west and east). At all measuring sites, the highest concentration of particle-bound pollutants was mostly recorded during morning and afternoon, except at the south, where elevated PAHs concentrations were recorded during night period, which indicated that residential heating takes up a portion of pollution sources in this area. Although for most of the pollutants the concentrations varied during the day, statistically significant differences between sampling periods were not found. The highest health risk was obtained at the south, where it was scored as significant.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the company Integrated Traffic of Zagreb Area Ltd. and Milan Živković, MSc for providing us with traffic

density data for all sampling stations.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Author notes

  1. Ranka Godec and Ivana Jakovljević contributed equally to this work as its first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Ranka Godec, Ivana Jakovljević, Silvije Davila, Krešimir Šega, Ivan Bešlić, Jasmina Rinkovec & Gordana Pehnec

Authors
  1. Ranka Godec
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  2. Ivana Jakovljević
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  3. Silvije Davila
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  4. Krešimir Šega
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  5. Ivan Bešlić
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  6. Jasmina Rinkovec
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  7. Gordana Pehnec
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Contributions

IJ contributed to conceptualization, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, visualization, RG contributed to conceptualization, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, visualization, SD contributed to software, validation, investigation, KŠ contributed to software, formal analysis, writing—original draft, supervision, project administration, IB contributed to software, formal analysis, writing—review and editing, visualization, JR contributed to validation, writing—review and editing, GP contributed to writing—review and editing,

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Correspondence to Ivana Jakovljević.

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Godec, R., Jakovljević, I., Davila, S. et al. Air pollution levels near crossroads with different traffic density and the estimation of health risk. Environ Geochem Health 43, 3935–3952 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-00879-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-00879-1

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