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Contamination indices and heavy metal concentrations in urban soil of Ibadan metropolis, southwestern Nigeria

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Abstract

An assessment was conducted on soils of Ibadan metropolis using geochemical approach in order to establish the concentration of heavy metals and develop geoaccumulation index maps. Petrographic studies and X-ray diffractograms showed that soils of Ibadan were derived from the weathering of the bedrocks. The concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn were found to be greater in soils more than the background. Positive correlation occurred between Cu, Pb, and Zn indicated a common anthropogenic source in the soil while Mn, Cr, and Ni were found to be naturally enriched. The geoaccumulation index maps revealed significant enrichment factor (Ef > 20) and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) beyond class four (heavily contaminated) for Cu, Pb, and Zn in densely populated and industrial areas, whereas Cd is enriched in sparsely populated areas, agricultural areas and a few spots in densely populated areas.

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Acknowledgement

The first author is grateful to Mr Henry Foluso for providing the funding needed for this research. The reviewers are also appreciated for their constructive criticisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria

    Adewara Adesoji Odewande

  2. Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Akinlolu F. Abimbola

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  1. Adewara Adesoji Odewande
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  2. Akinlolu F. Abimbola
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Correspondence to Adewara Adesoji Odewande.

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Odewande, A.A., Abimbola, A.F. Contamination indices and heavy metal concentrations in urban soil of Ibadan metropolis, southwestern Nigeria. Environ Geochem Health 30, 243–254 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-007-9112-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-007-9112-2

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