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Verification of a 3D CFD model for vertical slot fish-passes

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Abstract

In the present work, we verified a 3D computational fluid dynamics model for vertical slot fish-passes (VSFs) that employs the renormalization-group k-epsilon turbulence model (RNG KE) and the volume of fluid (VOF) method. We compared model calculations with experiments in two pool designs T1 and T2 of an experimental VSF and with 2D calculations using the shallow water equations (SWE) and the standard k-epsilon (2D SKE) model. Calculations of the 3D model showed (1) good agreement with experiments and 2D calculations in predicting mean flow velocities, (2) better performance in the determination of the water surface in the VSF, which is attributed to the accurate VOF method, (3) superior prediction of turbulence characteristics than the 2D model, which is due to the 3D RNG KE model that overcomes the problem of turbulence overestimation of the 2D SKE model, and to the fact that the 3D model takes into account the 3D features of the flow in the fish pass. Moreover, the present 3D calculations showed that the common assumptions in VSFs that (1) the flow is 2D, and (2) the simulation of 4 pools of a VSF is sufficient to obtain satisfactory results, are not always valid. Flow can be considered as 2D only in pool design T2 and for certain geometries and flow characteristics in pool design T1; while, eventually, all the pools of a fish pass need to be modeled to ensure accurate results. Finally, the present work illustrates the need to perform fish experiments simultaneously with flow experiments.

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Abbreviations

Ai :

Fractional area open to flow in the i direction

b0 :

Slot width

cD :

Drag coefficient

D:

Diffusivity

DDif:

Diffusion (ε transport equation)

Diff:

Diffusion (k transport equation)

E:

Energy dissipation per unit volume

F:

Volume fraction

fi :

Viscous acceleration in the i direction

G:

Buoyancy production

Gi :

Body acceleration in the i direction

K:

Turbulent kinetic energy

kref :

Reference turbulent kinetic energy

L:

Length of the pool

P:

Pressure

Ps :

Shear production

Q:

Discharge

Q*:

Dimensionless discharge

T:

Time

ui :

Velocity of water in the i direction

Vb :

Mean jet velocity

Vb,max :

Maximum jet velocity

VF :

Fractional volume open to flow

Vref :

Reference velocity

W:

Width of the pool

xi :

Cartesian coordinate in the i-direction

Y0 :

Water depth at the middle of the pool

Yb :

Water depth at the slot

Ym :

Mean water depth at the pool

Ymax :

Maximum water depth at the pool

Ymin :

Minimum water depth at the pool

ε:

Turbulence dissipation rate

εmax :

Maximum turbulence dissipation rate

μ:

Dynamic viscosity

μT :

Eddy viscosity

μtot :

Total dynamic viscosity

ρ:

Water density

τ:

Shear stress on water surface

τbxi :

Wall shear stress

τxixi :

Strain rate tensor

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Acknowledgements

The present work was performed within the framework of the IKYDA 2016 research project between Greece and Germany entitled “Development of an integrated mathematical model for the design of fish-passes in small hydroelectric power plants”. Also, we would like to thank the DAAD, the TUM and the NTUA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 5, 15780, Athens, Greece

    Anastasios I. Stamou & Georgios Mitsopoulos

  2. Institute of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 80334, Munich, Germany

    Anastasios I. Stamou, Peter Rutschmann & Minh Duc Bui

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  1. Anastasios I. Stamou
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Correspondence to Anastasios I. Stamou.

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Stamou, A.I., Mitsopoulos, G., Rutschmann, P. et al. Verification of a 3D CFD model for vertical slot fish-passes. Environ Fluid Mech 18, 1435–1461 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-018-9602-z

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