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Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol by the epiphytic yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis and Rhodotorula rubra

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Abstract

The possible involvement of the epiphytic yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis and Rhodotorula rubra in the biodegradation of the insecticide chlorpyrifos and its metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), in pure cultures and in plant surfaces (tomato fruits) was investigated. Higher biodegradation rates were observed as the concentration of chlorpyrifos and the inoculum of the microorganisms were increased, while the yeasts proved to be more active at 25 and 15 °C. The presence of glucose in the mineral nutrient medium, as an extra source of carbon, delayed the biodegradation by Rhodotorula glutinis, while Rhodotorula rubra proved to be more active. The detection and quantification of the parent compound and TCP was successfully achieved using a LC/MS/MS chromatographic system. The in vitro enzymatic assays applied suggested that esterases may be involved in the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos, a fact that was further enhanced after the addition of the synergists triphenyl phosphate, diethyl maleate and piperonyl butoxide in the biodegradation trials. The decrease of chlorpyrifos residues on tomato fruits confirmed the corresponding on pure cultures, resulting in the suggestion that the yeasts R. glutinis and R. rubra can possibly be used successfully for the removal or detoxification of chlorpyrifos residues on tomatoes.

Highlights

  • Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by Rhodotorula glutinis and Rhodotorula rubra

  • Biodegradation of TCP by Rhodotorula glutinis and Rhodotorula rubra

  • Triphenyl phosphate inhibited the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos

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Acknowledgements

Our study entitled “Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol by the epiphytic yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis and Rhodotorula rubra”, was not funded.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Pesticide Residues Laboratory, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta street, Kifissia, 14561, Greece

    E. D. Bempelou & K. S. Liapis

  2. Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece

    J. G. Vontas & V. N. Ziogas

Authors
  1. E. D. Bempelou
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  2. J. G. Vontas
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  3. K. S. Liapis
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  4. V. N. Ziogas
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Correspondence to E. D. Bempelou.

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Bempelou, E.D., Vontas, J.G., Liapis, K.S. et al. Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol by the epiphytic yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis and Rhodotorula rubra. Ecotoxicology 27, 1368–1378 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-018-1992-7

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