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Evolutionary change driven by metal exposure as revealed by coding SNP genome scan in wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

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Abstract

Pollution can drive rapid evolutionary change in wild populations. This study targets functional polymorphisms of chronically metal-contaminated wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens). A de novo transcriptome scan contrasted subsets of individuals from clean (n = 16) and contaminated (n = 16) lakes to identify 87 candidate annotated coding SNPs. Candidate genotypes and liver [metal] were obtained in 10 populations (n = 1,052) and a genome scan distinguished outliers: one nuclear (cyclin G1 gene) and two mitochondrial (cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 genes) also displaying allelic correlation to mean population [cadmium]. Whole mtDNA and 17 kb surrounding cyclin G1 were characterised through 454 sequencing thus revealing two non-synonymous substitutions involving dissimilar amino acids. Based on associated functions and inter-population differentiation, contaminated perch may have been selected for fast life cycle completion (p53 pathway) and memorization impairment mitigation (long-term potentiation pathway). In accordance with predicted evolutionary trajectory for stressed and energy deprived organisms, adapted perch would not compensate for repair mechanism inhibition, instead reallocating energy towards growth and favouring inexpensive impairment mitigation adaptations over costly detoxification. Overall, 85 years of selection could have driven rapid, potentially adaptive evolution by selecting alleles increasing perch fitness in polluted environments.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank all members of the yellow perch project team from P.C. and L.B. laboratories and, more specifically : J. Grasset, F. Lamaze, E. Normandeau, B. Bougas, F. Pierron, C. Perrier, P.-A. Gagnaire, H. Maaroufi, B. Boyle, 755 S. Larose, J. Laroche, S. Pavey, G. Ouellet-Cauchon, G. Côté, C. Tingaud, D. Ferguson, L. Papillon, as well as M. Dutton (Vale Ltd) for his valuable inputs. We are grateful for the services of IBIS’s genomic analysis platform (http://pag.ibis.ulaval.ca/seq/fr/), which was responsible for the 454 sequencing and associated troubleshooting. We also acknowledge the suggestions for improvement received from V. Bourret for this article. Finally, we thank Associate editor Lee Raleigh Shugart and two anonymous referees for their constructive inputs. This work was funded by a Collaborative Research and Development (CRD) Grant (CRDPJ 379611-08) mutually funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada and by Vale Ltd. The Canada Research Chair program supports LB and PGCC.

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All experiments comply with current Canadian law for animal research and testing.

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The authors declare no other conflict of interest.

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  1. Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada

    Sébastien Bélanger-Deschênes & Louis Bernatchez

  2. Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre et Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada

    Patrice Couture & Peter G. C. Campbell

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  1. Sébastien Bélanger-Deschênes
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  2. Patrice Couture
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Correspondence to Sébastien Bélanger-Deschênes.

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Bélanger-Deschênes, S., Couture, P., Campbell, P.G.C. et al. Evolutionary change driven by metal exposure as revealed by coding SNP genome scan in wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Ecotoxicology 22, 938–957 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1083-8

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